1. What is the current stance of Egypt on immigration policies?

As of 2021, Egypt’s official stance on immigration policies is focused on strengthening its borders and improving control over migration patterns. This includes efforts to combat illegal immigration and human trafficking, as well as implementing stricter visa requirements for foreign nationals.

2. What measures has Egypt taken to address the issue of illegal immigration?

In recent years, Egypt has implemented several measures to address the issue of illegal immigration. These include:

– Enhancing border security: Egypt has increased its border security along its land and sea borders to prevent illegal entry and movement across the country.
– Cooperation with other countries: The Egyptian government has worked closely with other countries in the region, such as Sudan and Libya, to exchange information and coordinate efforts in combating illegal immigration.
– Strengthening laws and penalties: In 2016, a law was enacted that imposes heavy fines and prison sentences for anyone found guilty of facilitating or participating in human trafficking or smuggling.
– Crackdown on migrant smugglers: The Egyptian government has conducted numerous operations targeting migrant smugglers, resulting in the arrest and prosecution of individuals involved in these activities.
– Improving migration management: Egypt has established a new agency, the National Coordinating Committee for Combating Illegal Migration (NCCIM), to oversee migration issues and develop policies aimed at managing legal migration channels.
– Encouraging voluntary return: The Egyptian government has set up programs aimed at encouraging voluntary return for migrants who are living illegally in the country. These programs provide support for reintegration into their home countries, including financial assistance.

3. How are refugees and asylum seekers treated in Egypt?

Despite not being a signatory of the 1951 Refugee Convention, Egypt hosts a large number of refugees and asylum seekers. As of January 2020, there were an estimated 254,000 refugees and asylum seekers registered with UNHCR in Egypt.

Refugees are granted temporary protection by the Egyptian government but face many challenges, including limited access to healthcare, education, and employment opportunities. Asylum seekers are not officially recognized by the government and often face difficulties in accessing services and protection.

Some refugees and asylum seekers also face discrimination and harassment from authorities, as well as social stigma from the local community.

4. Does Egypt have any programs to assist migrants and refugees?

Yes, Egypt has implemented several programs to assist migrants and refugees, including:

– Voluntary return programs: The Egyptian government has set up programs aimed at encouraging voluntary return for migrants who are living illegally in the country. These programs provide support for reintegration into their home countries, including financial assistance.
– Refugee support services: UNHCR provides support services for refugees and asylum seekers in Egypt, including health care, legal assistance, education programs, vocational training, and psychosocial support.
– Community centers: The Egyptian government, with the support of UNHCR and other organizations, has established community centers in areas with a high concentration of refugees. These centers offer various services such as language classes, vocational training, counseling sessions, and recreational activities.
– Legal aid: Several NGOs provide free legal aid to refugees and asylum seekers in Egypt to help them navigate the complex legal processes involved in seeking protection or obtaining documentation.
– Livelihood initiatives: Various organizations have launched projects aimed at providing refugees with livelihood opportunities through skills training and job placement assistance.

5. Does Egypt have any bilateral agreements on migration with other countries?

Yes, Egypt has several bilateral agreements on migration with other countries. Some notable examples include:

– Agreements with Greece: In March 2021, Greece signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Egypt that outlines cooperation between the two countries on issues related to migration management. This includes cooperation on returning failed asylum seekers to their country of origin.
– Repatriation agreement with Ethiopia: In 2018, Egypt signed a bilateral agreement with Ethiopia on the voluntary repatriation of Ethiopian migrants who have been living irregularly in Egypt.
– Cooperation with Libya and Sudan: Egypt has signed various agreements with Libya and Sudan to address issues related to migration, including border security, information sharing, and cooperation on combating human trafficking and migrant smuggling.

2. How has Egypt’s immigration policies changed in the past 10 years?

In the past 10 years, Egypt’s immigration policies have undergone significant changes in response to various domestic and international factors. Some of these changes include:

1. Increased enforcement of immigration laws: In recent years, Egypt has cracked down on illegal immigration and smuggling networks operating within its borders. This includes increased surveillance at borders, stricter visa requirements, and deportations of undocumented immigrants.

2. Introduction of new visa categories: In 2015, Egypt introduced new visa categories to attract skilled workers and investors to the country. These include a long-term residency visa for foreign retirees, a renewable temporary work permit for highly skilled individuals, and a permanent residence program for investors.

3. Shift towards selective immigration: While Egypt has historically been open to refugees and asylum seekers from neighboring countries, it has become more selective in recent years due to security concerns and strained resources. As a result, refugee resettlement rates have decreased significantly.

4. Dual citizenship allowed: In 2014, Egypt lifted the ban on dual citizenship, allowing Egyptians living abroad to hold multiple nationalities without losing their Egyptian citizenship.

5. Improved integration programs: The Egyptian government has implemented various initiatives aimed at integrating migrants into society, such as offering language classes and job training programs.

6. Emphasis on attracting tourists: To boost its struggling economy, Egypt has introduced new measures to make it easier for tourists to enter the country, including introducing e-visas and relaxing visa requirements for certain nationalities.

Overall, these changes reflect a shift towards stricter enforcement of immigration laws while also trying to attract skilled workers and investors to support economic growth.

3. Does Egypt have a merit-based or family-based immigration system?

Egypt does not have a traditional immigration system like many other countries. Foreigners coming to Egypt may enter the country for either short- or long-term stays, but they must obtain a visa prior to arrival. The visa application process is mainly based on the purpose of travel and requires applicants to meet certain requirements, such as having a valid passport and sufficient funds for their stay.

There is no specific merit-based or family-based immigration system in place in Egypt. However, there are certain categories of people who qualify for permanent residency, including those who invest in the country or are married to Egyptian citizens. In general, foreigners looking to immigrate to Egypt must navigate through various legal processes and may face challenges related to bureaucracy and paperwork.

4. Are refugees and asylum seekers welcome in Egypt under the current immigration policies?

Egypt has historically been a country that welcomes refugees and asylum seekers, particularly those fleeing conflict or persecution in nearby countries. In recent years, however, the government has taken a more restrictive approach to immigration policies, which has made it more difficult for refugees and asylum seekers to enter and reside in Egypt.

According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), there are currently over 250,000 registered refugees and asylum seekers in Egypt. The majority of these individuals come from Sudan, South Sudan, Syria, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia and Yemen.

Under Egyptian law, refugees have the right to seek asylum and be protected from refoulement (the forced return to their home country where they may face danger). The government also provides basic services to registered refugees such as education and healthcare. However, these services are often overstretched and underfunded.

In recent years, the Egyptian government has implemented stricter visa requirements for refugees and asylum seekers entering the country. This has made it more difficult for them to enter Egypt through legal channels. As a result, many individuals seeking refuge in Egypt are forced to enter through irregular means which can put them at great risk.

Additionally, there have been reports of harassment and arbitrary arrests of asylum seekers by Egyptian police forces. Human rights organizations have also accused the government of forcibly deporting some refugees back to their home countries without proper legal proceedings.

Overall, while Egypt does provide some protection for refugees under its current immigration policies, there are challenges facing those seeking refuge in the country. The Egyptian government needs to address these challenges in order to create a safer and more welcoming environment for all immigrants.

5. What are the requirements for obtaining a permanent resident status in Egypt?

To obtain permanent resident status in Egypt, individuals must meet the following requirements:

1. Residency: Applicants must have lived in Egypt for at least five consecutive years before applying for permanent residency.

2. Financial Stability: Applicants must provide proof of financial stability and ability to support themselves and any dependents. This can include a work contract, bank statements, or other forms of income verification.

3. Clear Criminal Record: Applicants must have a clean criminal record and provide a police clearance certificate from their home country.

4. Language Skills: The applicant must be able to speak Arabic, as this is the primary language in Egypt.

5. Employment or Business Ownership: Applicants must either have a stable job offer from an Egyptian company or own at least one business in the country.

6. Proof of Investment: Foreigners who wish to obtain permanent residence by investing in Egypt must prove that they have invested at least USD $500,000 in Egyptian assets or local companies.

7. Health Certificate: A medical test is required to prove that the applicant does not suffer from any contagious diseases.

8. Education Qualifications: Individuals with special skills or advanced qualifications may also be considered for permanent residency based on their contributions to the country.

9. Local Police Registration: As part of the application process, applicants will be required to register with the local police station near their place of residence.

It is important to note that these requirements may vary depending on the individual’s nationality and personal circumstances. It is recommended to consult with an immigration lawyer or contact the Egyptian embassy/consulate in your home country for more specific information regarding permanent residency requirements for your situation.

6. How does Egypt handle undocumented immigrants?

Egypt does not have an official policy for handling undocumented immigrants. The government has faced criticism for failing to properly address the issue and protect the rights of undocumented migrants living in the country.

In practice, many undocumented immigrants in Egypt are subject to arrest, detention, and deportation by authorities. They may also face discrimination, exploitation, and limited access to basic services such as healthcare and education.

There have been several instances of mass deportations of undocumented migrants, particularly from sub-Saharan Africa. In recent years, the government has taken steps to crack down on illegal immigration and increase border control measures.

However, there have also been efforts to regularize the status of some undocumented immigrants through programs like the “100 Million Health” initiative which provides healthcare services for all residents regardless of their legal status.

Overall, Egypt’s approach towards undocumented immigration has remained largely inconsistent and lacks a comprehensive plan for addressing the issue.

7. Are there any special provisions for skilled workers in Egypt’s immigration policies?

Yes, the Egyptian government has implemented certain policies to attract skilled workers to the country. These include the following:

1. Permanent residency: In 2019, Egypt introduced a new law that allows skilled workers and investors who meet certain criteria to obtain permanent residency in the country. This includes foreigners who have purchased real estate worth at least $100,000 or invested at least $200,000 in one of Egypt’s industries.

2. Fast-track visas: Foreigners who have been hired by Egyptian companies can benefit from a fast-track visa process, which expedites their entry into the country.

3. Work visas for specialized professions: The Ministry of Manpower and Immigration offers work visas for foreigners in specialized professions such as engineering, medical professions, and technical fields.

4. Special zones for foreign investors: Egypt has established special economic zones such as the New Administrative Capital and the Suez Canal Economic Zone to attract foreign investment and offer favorable conditions for skilled workers.

5. Visas for accompanying family members: Skilled workers who are granted a work visa in Egypt can apply for residence permits for their spouse and children under 21 years old.

6. Streamlined work permit process: The Egyptian government has implemented reforms to streamline the process of obtaining work permits for foreign employees, including reducing wait times and simplifying required documents.

7. Tax incentives: The Egyptian government offers various tax incentives for foreign skilled workers, including exemption from taxes on some types of income earned in Egypt.

Overall, Egypt’s immigration policies aim to attract skilled workers who can contribute to the country’s economic growth while also providing benefits and incentives for their families.

8. Is there a quota system for different types of immigrants in Egypt?

Yes, there is a quota system for different types of immigrants in Egypt. The Egyptian government has set a quota for the number of refugees it will accept each year, which is determined through negotiations with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).

In addition to refugees, there are also quotas for other types of immigrants, such as skilled workers, students, and family members of Egyptian citizens or permanent residents. These quotas can vary from year to year and may be affected by political or economic factors.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is responsible for managing the quota system and determining which categories of immigrants are currently being accepted. It is important for individuals planning to immigrate to Egypt to research and confirm current quota requirements before beginning the immigration process.

9. Are foreign students allowed to work and stay after graduation in Egypt under the immigration policies?

Yes, foreign students are allowed to work and stay in Egypt after graduation under the country’s immigration policies. Graduates of Egyptian universities are eligible for a one-year work permit, which can be extended for an additional year. Following these two years, graduates can apply for a residence visa, which will allow them to stay and work in Egypt for a longer period of time. Alternatively, foreign students may also choose to apply for jobs at companies that have been designated by the government as eligible to sponsor work permits for foreign employees.

10. What measures does Egypt have in place to prevent illegal migration?

1. Border control: Egypt has strengthened its border control measures by deploying additional security forces and implementing advanced technology such as surveillance cameras and motion sensors to monitor the borders.

2. Security cooperation with neighboring countries: Egypt has bilateral agreements with Sudan, Libya, Israel, and other neighboring countries to enhance joint efforts in preventing illegal migration.

3. Maritime patrols: The Egyptian Coast Guard conducts regular patrols along the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea coastlines to intercept boats carrying illegal migrants.

4. Immigration laws and regulations: Egypt has strict laws and regulations in place regarding immigration and border control. Anyone entering or exiting the country is required to have proper documentation and may be subject to immigration checks at any time.

5. Immigration checkpoints: There are numerous checkpoints located throughout the country to check for valid travel documents and detect any individuals attempting to enter or exit illegally.

6. Information campaigns: The Egyptian government runs information campaigns warning about the dangers of illegal migration, including the risks of human trafficking, exploitation, and unsafe travel conditions.

7. Collaboration with international organizations: Egypt works closely with international organizations such as Interpol and Frontex in exchanging intelligence and coordinating efforts to combat illegal migration.

8. Anti-smuggling operations: Egyptian authorities regularly conduct anti-smuggling operations to disrupt networks involved in facilitating illegal migration.

9. Tough penalties for smugglers: Smuggling of migrants is considered a felony in Egypt, punishable by imprisonment and heavy fines.

10. Tightened document controls: In addition to passports, foreigners are required to obtain special permits for certain activities such as working or studying in Egypt, making it more difficult for people to stay in the country illegally.

11. Does Egypt’s immigration policy prioritize certain countries or regions over others?

Egypt has a strict immigration policy and does prioritize certain countries over others to control the flow of immigrants and protect national security.

Egypt prioritizes immigrants from Arab and African nations due to shared cultural, religious, and linguistic ties. Additionally, there is a large influx of refugees from neighboring countries such as Syria, Sudan, Libya, and Yemen. Egyptian immigration laws make it easier for these refugees to obtain legal status in the country.

On the other hand, immigrants from Western countries generally face stricter requirements and may have a more difficult time obtaining necessary visas or work permits. This is because Egypt’s immigration laws aim to protect local job opportunities for Egyptians rather than foreign workers. In general, the Egyptian government prioritizes skilled laborers or investors who bring valuable skills or investments to the country.

12. Are there any age restrictions for immigrants coming to Egypt?

There are no specific age restrictions for immigrants coming to Egypt. However, the requirements for obtaining a residency permit may vary depending on the purpose of immigration and the country of origin. Generally, minors under the age of 18 will need their parents’ consent and special documentation for immigration purposes. It is recommended to check with the Egyptian embassy or consulate in your home country for more information regarding specific requirements.

13. Is it possible to appeal a decision made by the immigration authorities in Egypt?

Yes, it is possible to appeal a decision made by the immigration authorities in Egypt. If an individual disagrees with the decision made, they can file an appeal with the Supreme Administrative Court within 60 days of receiving the decision. The court will review the case and may overturn or modify the decision if deemed necessary. It is important to note that all decisions made by the court are final and cannot be appealed.

14. How long does the process of obtaining citizenship take under Egypt’s immigration policies?

The process of obtaining citizenship under Egypt’s immigration policies can take several years. It typically involves several steps, including:

1. Eligibility determination: The first step is determining if you are eligible for Egyptian citizenship. This may include meeting certain criteria, such as having a certain length of residency in the country, demonstrating proficiency in Arabic language, and passing a citizenship test.

2. Application submission: Once you are deemed eligible, you can submit an application for citizenship to the Egyptian Ministry of Interior.

3. Background check and security clearance: Your application will be reviewed by the Ministry of Interior and other government agencies for any criminal or security concerns.

4. Letter of approval: If your application is approved, you will receive a letter from the Ministry of Interior confirming that you have been granted Egyptian citizenship.

5. Oath of allegiance: Before your citizenship is officially granted, you will be required to take an oath of allegiance to the country.

The entire process can vary depending on individual circumstances and may take anywhere from 5-7 years or longer to complete. It is important to note that there is no guaranteed timeline for obtaining citizenship in Egypt and it can be a lengthy and complex process.

15. Are there any language or cultural integration requirements for immigrants?

Yes, most countries have language and cultural integration requirements for immigrants. This typically involves language proficiency tests and classes, cultural orientation programs, and other measures to help immigrants integrate into their new society. This is done in order to promote a sense of belonging and facilitate successful integration into the local community. In some cases, failure to meet these requirements can result in revoked visas or deportation.

16. Can an immigrant bring their immediate family members with them when moving to Egypt?

Yes, an immigrant can bring their immediate family members with them when moving to Egypt. Immediate family members refer to the spouse and children of the immigrant, as well as any elderly parents or grandparents who are dependent on the immigrant for care. However, the immigrant must be able to provide proof of their relationship with their family members and complete the necessary visa procedures for each family member. It is recommended to check with the Egyptian embassy or consulate in your home country for specific requirements and procedures.

17. Are there any incentives or benefits offered to attract foreign investors under the immigration policies of Egypt?

Yes, there are a few incentives and benefits offered to attract foreign investors under the immigration policies of Egypt, including:

1. Investment residency permit: Foreign nationals who invest in certain economic sectors in Egypt can obtain an investment residency permit. This permit is valid for one year and can be renewed.

2. Long-term residency permit: Investors who have contributed significantly to the Egyptian economy or hold a high-value investment project can apply for a long-term residency permit, which is valid for five years and can be renewed.

3. Fast-track visa processing: Foreign investors may be eligible for fast-track visa processing, which allows them to obtain a visa within seven days instead of the usual two weeks.

4. Multiple-entry visas: Investors who hold an investment residence permit or long-term residence permit are eligible for multiple-entry visas, allowing them to enter and exit Egypt without needing to apply for a new visa each time.

5. Tax incentives: Depending on the type of investment and location, foreign investors may receive tax incentives such as tax exemptions or reduced tax rates.

6. Land ownership rights: Foreign investors are allowed to own land in specially designated areas, such as free zones or tourist areas.

7. Employment opportunities for family members: The spouse, parents, and minor children of an investor with a long-term residence permit are eligible for work permits in Egypt.

8. Expedited citizenship process: In some cases, foreign investors may be able to acquire Egyptian citizenship through naturalization by investing a significant amount in the country’s economy and fulfilling other requirements set by law.

9. Access to local markets: Foreign investors may have easier access to local markets and government procurement contracts due to their contributions to the Egyptian economy.

18. Does Egypt offer any type of temporary work visas for foreigners? If yes, what are the requirements and validity period?

Yes, Egypt offers temporary work visas for foreigners. The requirements and validity period may vary depending on the type of visa and the individual’s circumstances. Generally, the following are the requirements for a temporary work visa in Egypt:

1. Valid passport: The applicant must have a valid passport with at least six months validity remaining.

2. Visa application form: The applicant must complete a visa application form and submit it along with all required documents to the nearest Egyptian embassy or consulate.

3. Letter of invitation: The applicant must provide a letter of invitation from an Egyptian company or organization stating the purpose and duration of their visit to Egypt.

4. Work contract: The applicant must provide a copy of their employment contract with the Egyptian company or organization.

5. Proof of qualifications and expertise: The applicant must submit documents proving their qualifications and expertise related to their job in Egypt.

6. Valid health insurance: The applicant must have valid health insurance coverage during their stay in Egypt.

7. Passport-sized photos: The applicant must provide two passport-sized photographs.

The validity period for temporary work visas in Egypt can range from three months to one year, depending on the individual’s circumstances and the type of visa they are applying for. It is important to check with the nearest Egyptian embassy or consulate for specific information regarding your situation.

19. How are international marriages and partnerships recognized and supported under the immigration policies of Egypt?

According to the immigration policies of Egypt, international marriages and partnerships are recognized and supported in certain circumstances. Foreign nationals who are married to Egyptian citizens or have a close relative who is an Egyptian citizen may be eligible for residency in Egypt. Similarly, foreign individuals in civil unions with an Egyptian citizen or parent of an Egyptian child may also be eligible for residency.

These applications must be submitted at the closest Egyptian consulate or embassy, along with the necessary documents such as marriage certificate, birth certificate, and proof of kinship. The applicant must also undergo security and health checks before their application is approved.

In terms of support, there are no specific policies or programs aimed specifically at supporting international marriages and partnerships. However, foreign spouses or partners can apply for work permits once they have obtained their residency permit. They can also access education and healthcare services like any other resident in Egypt.

However, it is important to note that same-sex marriages are not recognized in Egypt and therefore do not receive the same recognition and support by the immigration policies. Additionally, there may be additional challenges for couples from different cultural backgrounds due to societal norms and expectations. It is recommended to seek legal advice before entering into an international marriage or partnership in Egypt.

20.Is dual citizenship allowed inEgypt according to its immigration laws?

Yes, dual citizenship is allowed in Egypt according to its immigration laws. The Egyptian government allows citizens to hold dual citizenship as long as it is approved by both countries and the individual meets the eligibility requirements for both nationalities.