1. What regulations does the government have in place to ensure workplace safety?

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is the main government agency responsible for ensuring workplace safety in the United States. OSHA sets and enforces standards for workplace safety, conducts inspections and investigations, and provides training and education to employers and employees.

Some specific regulations that OSHA has in place to ensure workplace safety include:

1. Hazard Communication Standard: Requires employers to provide information about hazardous chemicals in the workplace through labeling, safety data sheets, and employee training.
2. Bloodborne Pathogens Standard: Requires employers to protect workers from exposure to pathogens such as HIV and hepatitis in healthcare settings.
3. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Standard: Requires employers to assess hazards in the workplace and provide appropriate PPE, such as goggles, hard hats, or respirators.
4. General Duty Clause: Requires employers to maintain a safe workplace by identifying and addressing recognized hazards that could cause serious harm or death.
5. Electrical Safety Standards: Sets requirements for the installation, use, and maintenance of electrical equipment to prevent electrical hazards in the workplace.

In addition to these standards, OSHA also has regulations related to specific industries such as construction, maritime, agriculture, and healthcare.

States may also have their own occupational safety laws that work in conjunction with federal regulations to protect workers. Employers must comply with both federal and state regulations for workplace safety.

Employers found to be in violation of OSHA regulations can face citations, fines, or even criminal charges depending on the severity of the violation. Employees are also protected from retaliation if they report violations or concerns about workplace safety to OSHA.

In summary, there are many regulations in place at both the federal and state level to ensure workplace safety and protect employees from hazards on the job.

2. How are workplace accidents and injuries reported and investigated in Egypt?

The reporting and investigation of workplace accidents and injuries in Egypt are primarily governed by the Labor Law No. 12 of 2003 and its subsequent amendments.

Reporting:
According to Article 55 of the Labor Law, employers are required to report any workplace accident or injury to the relevant authorities within 24 hours of its occurrence. This report must contain details such as the date, time, location, circumstances, and severity of the accident or injury. In case of a work-related death, the report must also include information about the deceased’s identity and family members.

Under the law, employers are also required to report any occupational diseases that may have been caused by work activities. This includes diseases such as cancer, lung diseases, skin diseases, hearing loss, among others.

Investigation:
Once a workplace accident or injury is reported, it is investigated by a designated inspector from the Ministry of Manpower. The inspector will visit the site of the accident or injury and conduct an investigation to determine its cause and identify any factors that may have contributed to it.

The employer is required to cooperate with the investigator and provide all necessary information related to the accident or injury. The investigator may also interview witnesses and examine relevant documents.

If there is evidence that shows a violation of safety regulations or negligence on part of the employer, legal action may be taken against them.

In cases where an employee dies due to a workplace accident or injury, an autopsy is conducted by a forensic doctor to determine the cause of death and identify any violations that may have contributed to it.

Additionally, trade unions play a role in investigating workplace accidents or injuries by conducting their own inquiries and providing support to affected employees.

Penalties for Non-Compliance:
Failure to report workplace accidents or injuries can result in fines ranging from EGP 5000 to 20,000 (approximately USD $320-$1,280). In cases where false information is provided in reporting an accident or injury, the fine can be as high as EGP 50,000 (approximately USD $3,200).

In cases where an employer is found responsible for a workplace accident or injury due to negligence or violation of safety regulations, they can face fines ranging from EGP 10,000 to 30,000 (approximately USD $640-$1,920) and may also be subject to criminal charges.

Employees who refuse or fail to report workplace accidents or injuries may also be fined anywhere between EGP 2000 to 5000 (approximately USD $128-$320).

Conclusion:
Workplace accidents and injuries are taken seriously in Egypt and employers are required to report them promptly and cooperate with authorities during investigations. Failure to do so can result in fines and legal consequences for employers. Additionally, the involvement of trade unions helps ensure that employees’ rights are protected and justice is served in cases of workplace accidents and injuries.

3. What measures are taken to protect employees from occupational hazards, such as chemical or physical exposures?

There are several measures taken to protect employees from occupational hazards, such as chemical or physical exposures. Some of these include:

1. Hazardous Material Safety Protocols: Employers are required to have a safety program in place that includes protocols for handling and storing hazardous materials. This may include proper labeling, training on safe handling procedures, and providing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and respirators.

2. Risk Assessments: Employers are also required to identify potential hazards in the workplace through regular risk assessments. This helps to identify areas where employees may be at risk of exposure to chemicals or physical hazards so that appropriate measures can be taken to prevent them.

3. Administrative Controls: Employers may implement administrative controls such as job rotation, limiting exposure time, and providing breaks for workers who are exposed to hazards.

4. Engineering Controls: These are measures put in place to physically eliminate or reduce the exposure to a hazard. Examples include ventilation systems for fumes and dusts, enclosures for noisy equipment, or substitution of less hazardous materials.

5. Training and Education: Employers must provide thorough training on how to handle hazardous materials safely and what precautions to take when working with other physical hazards. This includes information on how to properly use PPE and emergency procedures in case of exposure.

6. Medical Monitoring: Some employers may require medical monitoring for employees who work regularly with hazardous materials or in physically demanding jobs.

7. Workplace Inspections: Regular inspections of the workplace can identify any potential hazards that need to be addressed or improved upon.

8. OSHA Regulations Compliance: It is the responsibility of the employer to comply with all applicable Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations related to occupational hazards and provide a safe working environment for their employees.

9. Emergency Preparedness Plan: In case of an emergency involving hazardous materials or physical exposures, employers must have an emergency response plan in place to quickly and efficiently handle the situation to minimize the impact on employees.

10. Employee involvement: Employees are also encouraged to be actively involved in identifying potential hazards and reporting any concerns or issues related to their safety and well-being in the workplace.

4. Are all employers required to provide their employees with appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)?

In general, employers are required to provide their employees with appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when necessary to protect against workplace hazards. This is mandated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in the United States. However, there may be exceptions based on specific job duties or industry regulations. Employers are also responsible for ensuring that PPE is properly maintained and replaced when needed. It is important for employees to familiarize themselves with their employer’s policies and procedures regarding PPE usage.

5. In what ways does the government work to enforce health and safety laws in various industries?

1. Developing and enforcing legislation: The government creates laws, regulations, and standards that address workplace health and safety in different industries. These laws set minimum requirements for employers to provide safe working conditions and protect workers from hazards.

2. Conducting inspections: Government agencies regularly inspect workplaces to ensure compliance with health and safety laws. Inspectors have the authority to enter a workplace, review records, conduct interviews with workers, and issue citations or penalties for violations.

3. Providing resources and guidance: The government provides information, educational materials, and training programs to help employers understand their responsibilities under health and safety laws. This can include guidelines on hazard assessment, risk management, and best practices for implementing safety protocols.

4. Collaboration with industry groups: The government often works with industry associations and trade unions to develop joint initiatives for promoting workplace health and safety. These partnerships can lead to the creation of awareness campaigns, training programs, and other resources tailored to specific industries.

5. Worker participation: Health and safety laws require employers to involve workers in identifying hazards, developing control measures, and participating in health and safety committees. This partnership between workers and management helps promote a culture of safety in the workplace.

6. Enforcing penalties: In cases of serious non-compliance or repeat offenses, the government may take more severe actions such as issuing fines or shutting down a business until the necessary improvements are made.

7. Monitoring data: The government collects data on workplace injuries, illnesses, deaths, and near misses through mandatory reporting systems. This data helps identify emerging trends or hazards in different industries that can inform future legislation or enforcement efforts.

8. Providing resources for small businesses: To support small businesses in complying with health and safety laws, the government offers tools such as free advisory services or financial assistance programs to help fund improvements in workplace safety.

9. Partnering with provincial/territorial governments: The federal government works closely with provincial/territorial governments to ensure national standards and regulations are enforced consistently across the country. This collaboration also helps identify areas for improvement in health and safety legislation at both the federal and provincial levels.

6. How does Egypt’s healthcare system address occupational health hazards and illnesses among workers?

The Egyptian healthcare system has provisions in place to address occupational health hazards and illnesses among workers. These include the following:

1. Occupational Health Services: The Ministry of Health and Population (MoH) provides Occupational Health Services through its network of public hospitals and clinics. These services include occupational health risk assessments, workplace inspections, medical surveillance, and health education and training programs for workers.

2. Occupational Health Clinics: There are specialized occupational health clinics located in major industrial areas that provide preventive, diagnostic, and curative services for workers. These clinics are equipped with trained staff and necessary equipment to evaluate working conditions and detect occupational diseases.

3. Occupational Health Standards: The Egyptian government has developed national standards for occupational safety and health, which aim to protect workers from hazards in the workplace. These standards cover various aspects of workplace safety, including chemical exposure, noise levels, ventilation standards, and ergonomic requirements.

4. Compensation for Work-Related Injuries or Illnesses: In case of work-related injuries or illnesses, workers are entitled to compensation under the Social Insurance Law No. 79 of 1975. It covers both temporary and permanent disabilities resulting from accidents or occupational diseases.

5. Workers’ Awareness Programs: The MoH conducts awareness programs among workers to raise their understanding about potential work hazards, such as toxic substances, noise levels, radiation exposure, etc., on a regular basis.

6. Regulations for Hazardous Industries: The Ministry of Manpower issues regulations for hazardous industries such as asbestos production plants or oil refineries that require specific measures to be taken by employers to protect their employees’ health.

7. Collaboration with Labor Unions: The MoH collaborates with labor unions to promote occupational health and safety practices in workplaces through education campaigns.

8. Research and Surveillance: The National Institute of Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH) conducts research on occupational hazards prevalent among Egyptian workers and collects data on work-related injuries and illnesses.

9. International Conventions: Egypt is a signatory to several international conventions relating to occupational health and safety, including the International Labor Organization (ILO) Convention on Safety and Health in Mines, and the ILO Convention on Asbestos.

In conclusion, Egypt’s healthcare system has various measures in place to address occupational health hazards and illnesses among workers. However, there is still room for improvement in terms of implementation and enforcement of these measures to ensure the health and safety of workers in all sectors.

7. Are there any specific regulations for high-risk jobs, such as construction or mining, regarding safety protocols and training in Egypt?

Yes, there are specific regulations for high-risk jobs in Egypt. The Ministry of Manpower and Immigration is responsible for regulating safety protocols and training for high-risk jobs, such as construction or mining. Some of the key regulations include:

1. Occupational Safety and Health Law No. 12/2003: This law regulates safety and health in all workplaces, including high-risk jobs. It sets out general principles and obligations for employers, workers, and government authorities to ensure a safe working environment.

2. Construction Safety Regulations: In addition to the general occupational safety and health law, there are specific regulations that apply to construction sites in Egypt. These regulations cover aspects such as scaffolding, excavation work, electrical installations, and fall protection measures.

3. Mining Safety Regulations: The Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources is responsible for regulating safety in the mining industry in Egypt. These regulations cover topics such as ventilation, emergency response plans, mine design, explosives handling, and maintenance procedures.

4. Mandatory Training Programs: Employers in high-risk industries are required to provide their workers with adequate training on safety procedures related to their job duties. This includes training on hazard identification and risk assessment, emergency procedures, personal protective equipment (PPE) usage, equipment operation guidelines, among others.

5. Inspections: Regular inspections are conducted by government authorities to ensure that employers are complying with safety regulations in high-risk industries.

6. Penalties for Non-Compliance: Employers who fail to comply with safety regulations in high-risk industries may face penalties such as fines or even closure of the workplace.

It is important for employers in high-risk industries to stay updated on these regulations and ensure that their workers receive proper training to prevent accidents and promote a safe working environment.

8. How often are companies inspected for compliance with health and safety laws in Egypt?

There is no set frequency for inspections of companies in Egypt for compliance with health and safety laws. Inspections are typically carried out on an ad-hoc basis and are triggered by complaints, accidents, or random selection. However, some high-risk industries may be subject to more frequent inspections. The Ministry of Manpower and the local authorities are responsible for conducting these inspections.

9. Are there any penalties for businesses found to be in violation of health and safety regulations in Egypt?

Penalties for businesses found to be in violation of health and safety regulations in Egypt can vary depending on the severity of the violation. Some possible penalties include fines, temporary suspension of operations, revocation of operating licenses, and even criminal charges for serious violations that result in injury or death. The specific penalties will be determined by the relevant government agencies responsible for enforcing health and safety regulations. It is important for businesses operating in Egypt to comply with all applicable health and safety laws to avoid these penalties and ensure the well-being of their employees and customers.

10. Does the government offer any resources or programs for businesses to improve their workplace health and safety practices in Egypt?

Yes, the government of Egypt offers several resources and programs for businesses to improve their workplace health and safety practices. These include:
1. The National Council for Occupational Safety and Health: This is a governmental institution responsible for setting policies, regulations, and standards related to occupational health and safety in Egypt. It also offers training programs and consultation services to businesses.
2. Ministry of Manpower: The Ministry of Manpower has established a Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) to oversee the implementation of laws and regulations related to workplace health and safety.
3. Occupational Safety and Health Act: This act outlines the basic guidelines for employers to ensure a safe working environment for employees.
4. Occupational Safety Training Institute: This is a specialized training institute that offers courses, workshops, and seminars on occupational health and safety management.
5. Inspections by Labor Inspectors: The government has designated labor inspectors who conduct regular inspections at workplaces to ensure compliance with occupational health and safety regulations.
6. Financial Incentives: The government provides financial incentives such as tax breaks or reductions in insurance premiums to companies that implement effective workplace health and safety practices.
7. Awareness Campaigns: The government conducts awareness campaigns through media outlets, workshops, conferences, and other platforms to educate employers about the importance of maintaining a safe work environment.
8. Collaboration with International Organizations: The government collaborates with international organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) to develop policies, strategies, and programs related to occupational health and safety.
9. Online Resources: The Ministry of Manpower website provides access to various resources including laws, regulations, guidelines, reports, statistics related to occupational health and safety in Egypt.
10. Occupational Health Clinics: The Ministry of Manpower has set up occupational health clinics in major industrial areas in Egypt where workers can receive medical check-ups, treatment for work-related injuries or illnesses, and health and safety education.

11. Are there specific regulations for the transportation of hazardous materials within Egypt’s borders?

Yes, there are regulations for the transportation of hazardous materials within Egypt’s borders. The Egyptian Ministry of Environment has issued a set of regulations called the “Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency Hazardous Waste Management and Disposal Regulations” which governs the handling, storage, and transportation of hazardous materials. These regulations apply to all individuals and companies involved in the transportation of hazardous materials within Egypt. Some key requirements include obtaining permits for transport, labeling and packaging requirements, training for employees involved in handling or transporting hazardous materials, and reporting any incidents or accidents involving these materials.

12. How does Egypt handle workplace bullying or harassment that may impact an employee’s mental health in Egypt?

The Egyptian government has laws and regulations in place to protect employees from workplace bullying and harassment, and these extend to cover mental health issues. The Labor Code prohibits discrimination and harassment of any kind in the workplace, including based on a person’s mental health status.

If an employee experiences workplace bullying or harassment that impacts their mental health, they have the right to report it to their employer or to the Ministry of Manpower. Employers have a responsibility to address any complaints of bullying or harassment promptly and take appropriate disciplinary action against the perpetrator.

In addition, labor organizations and unions can also assist employees who are being harassed at work by providing support and resources. Employees can seek legal assistance if they believe their rights have been violated.

It is also worth noting that mental health services are becoming more available in Egypt, with many companies offering counseling services for their employees. Employees can also seek help from healthcare professionals outside of the workplace.

Overall, Egypt takes a zero-tolerance approach towards workplace bullying and harassment, and employers are expected to provide a safe and respectful working environment for their employees.

13. Are there any special accommodations for pregnant or breastfeeding employees in terms of workplace safety measures in Egypt?

According to the Egyptian labor law, employers are required to provide reasonable and necessary accommodations for pregnant or breastfeeding employees in terms of workplace safety measures. This includes providing a suitable and safe work environment, ensuring that the employee does not engage in any hazardous work during this period, and making accommodations for breaks and rest periods as needed.

Additionally, employers are also required to provide appropriate protective gear, such as maternity clothing or equipment, if necessary. Pregnant or breastfeeding employees should inform their employer about their condition and any specific needs they may have in order for the employer to make necessary accommodations.

If the workplace is deemed unsuitable or unsafe for a pregnant or breastfeeding employee, the employer must assign them alternative tasks or suspend their employment until it is safe for them to return to their original role. Failure to comply with these accommodations may lead to legal action against the employer.

14. Are mental health concerns addressed in workplace safety regulations in Egypt?

There is currently no specific regulation or law in Egypt that specifically addresses mental health concerns in the workplace. However, Article 45 of the Personal Status Law (No. 25 of 1920) states that the employer must provide appropriate working conditions to maintain the employees’ physical and psychological health.

In addition, there are several laws and regulations in place that indirectly impact mental health in the workplace, such as the Labor Law (No. 12 of 2003) which mandates employers to ensure a safe and healthy work environment for their employees. This includes addressing any physical or psychological hazards that may affect the employees’ well-being.

The Occupational Safety and Health Law (No. 139 of 2014) also requires employers to develop a safety policy and establish prevention measures for potential workplace hazards, including those relating to mental health.

Furthermore, there are also guidelines and standards set by the Ministry of Manpower and Immigration on how to handle stress and conflicts in the workplace, as well as provide employee assistance programs for individuals with mental health concerns.

Overall, while mental health concerns are not explicitly addressed in workplace safety regulations in Egypt, there are laws and regulations in place that aim to protect employees from any harm or hazard that may affect their physical or psychological well-being.

15. How are employees trained on emergency procedures, such as fire drills or natural disasters in Egypt?

The training process for emergency procedures in Egypt can vary depending on the specific organization or company. However, some common methods include:

1. Orientation and onboarding: During the initial orientation and onboarding process, employees are often given a general overview of emergency procedures and expected to familiarize themselves with the company’s safety policies.

2. Written materials: Companies may provide written materials such as handbooks, manuals, or posters that outline emergency procedures and evacuation plans.

3. Trainings and workshops: Employees may be required to attend periodic trainings or workshops specifically focused on emergency procedures. These can be conducted by internal trainers or external experts.

4. Practical drills: Many organizations conduct regular fire drills and other simulated emergency scenarios to ensure employees are prepared to handle real emergencies.

5. On-the-job training: In certain industries, such as manufacturing or construction, workers may receive hands-on training on how to use safety equipment or perform specific emergency procedures.

6. Online courses: Some companies use online courses as a way to educate employees about various emergency situations and how to respond.

7. Role-playing exercises: In addition to practical drills, role-playing exercises can be used to simulate different scenarios and help employees understand their roles in an emergency situation.

8. Continuous education: Emergency procedures should be reviewed regularly and updated as needed, so organizations often provide continuous education on new protocols or changes in existing ones.

Overall, companies in Egypt prioritize employee safety by providing thorough training on emergency procedures to ensure that everyone is equipped to handle any crisis that may arise.

16. Is there a national agency responsible for ensuring public spaces, like parks or schools, follow proper safety protocols in Egypt?

Yes, in Egypt there is a national agency responsible for ensuring public spaces follow proper safety protocols. The National Center for Safe and Healthy Communities (NCSHC) is the main government authority responsible for promoting public health and safety in Egypt. The NCSHC works closely with local governments, schools, and community organizations to develop and implement safety regulations and guidelines for public spaces. They also provide training and resources to help ensure compliance with these protocols. In addition, other government agencies may also have jurisdiction over specific types of public spaces such as the Ministry of Youth and Sports for school sports facilities or the Ministry of Agriculture for parks.

17 .Are companies required to have a designated first aid officer on site at all times in Egypt?

According to Egyptian Labor Law No. 12 of 2003, companies are not specifically required to have a designated first aid officer on site at all times. However, the law does state that employers must ensure that necessary medical treatment is provided in cases of work-related injuries or illnesses. This includes maintaining a first aid kit and providing access to medical professionals if needed. It is recommended for companies to have a designated first aid officer on site in order to ensure prompt and effective response to any emergency situations.

18 .How is ergonomic awareness promoted and enforced in workplaces across Egypt?

Ergonomic awareness is promoted and enforced in workplaces across Egypt through a variety of methods. These include government regulations, educational programs, workplace training, and the implementation of ergonomic practices.

Government Regulations:
The Egyptian Ministry of Manpower and Immigration has issued a regulation known as “Occupational Safety and Health in the Workplace” which includes guidelines for ergonomic standards in all workplaces. This regulation mandates that employers must provide safe working conditions for their employees, including measures to prevent ergonomic injuries.

Educational Programs:
The Ministry of Manpower also runs educational programs to raise awareness about ergonomics in different industries. These programs provide information on how to identify potential ergonomic hazards and teach workers about proper posture, lifting techniques, and other preventive measures.

Workplace Training:
Many companies in Egypt have implemented specific training programs for their employees to raise awareness about ergonomics. These trainings focus on educating workers about the importance of good ergonomics in preventing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and demonstrating how to properly use equipment and adjust workstations to reduce strain on the body.

Implementation of Ergonomic Practices:
Employers are encouraged to implement ergonomic practices in their workplaces, such as regularly conducting risk assessments, offering adjustable furniture and equipment, providing breaks for rest and stretching, and promoting good posture habits among employees.

Enforcement:
The Ministry of Manpower is responsible for enforcing ergonomic regulations in workplaces across Egypt. Government inspectors conduct routine inspections to ensure that employers are following these regulations. Non-compliance can result in penalties or even closure of the business.

Overall, there is a growing awareness of the importance of ergonomics in improving worker health and productivity across Egypt. Employers are increasingly recognizing the benefits of implementing ergonomic practices in their workplaces, not just for their employees’ well-being but also for their bottom line. With ongoing efforts by authorities to promote and enforce ergonomic standards, it is expected that workplace safety will continue to improve throughout the country.

19 .How does Egypt address issues of air quality control and pollution prevention in regards to worker health?

Egypt has several strategies in place to address air quality control and pollution prevention in regards to worker health:

1. Strict Regulations and Laws: Egypt has implemented strict laws and regulations to control air pollution, such as the Law on Protection of the Environment and its Executive Regulations. These laws set limits and guidelines for industries regarding emission levels and require them to obtain permits before operating.

2. Monitoring Systems: The Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) operates a national monitoring network to measure air pollutants, including those that can affect worker health. This information is used to identify areas with high pollution levels and take necessary action.

3. Industrial Inspections: The EEAA conducts regular inspections of industrial facilities to ensure they are complying with pollution control measures and standards.

4. Use of Cleaner Technology: The Ministry of Environment promotes the use of cleaner technology in industries through financial incentives and technical support. This includes using low-emission equipment and energy-efficient methods which help reduce air pollution.

5. Waste Management Programs: Proper waste management is crucial for controlling air pollution from industrial activities. Egypt has implemented various waste management programs, such as hazardous waste management, to prevent contamination of the air.

6. Public Awareness Campaigns: Egypt has launched public awareness campaigns to educate people about the impact of air pollution on their health and the environment, including workers in industrial areas.

7. Green Projects: There are ongoing green projects in Egypt that aim to reduce carbon emissions, promote sustainable development, improve indoor air quality, and enhance community participation in environmental protection efforts.

8. Partnerships with International Organizations: Egypt has collaborations with international organizations, such as United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and World Health Organization (WHO), which provide technical assistance and support for implementing effective measures to improve air quality control.

Overall, these efforts by the Egyptian government demonstrate a commitment towards addressing issues of air quality control and pollution prevention specifically targeting worker health through strict regulations, monitoring systems, and green initiatives.

20 .What steps are taken by authorities if a company is found guilty of violating health & safety regulations and putting its workers’ health in danger in Egypt?

If a company is found guilty of violating health and safety regulations in Egypt, the following steps may be taken by authorities:

1. Inspection and Investigation: The first step would be an inspection and investigation by the Ministry of Manpower’s Technical Inspection Department. They will visit the company’s premises to assess the situation and check for any violations of health and safety regulations.

2. Issuance of Warnings: If any violations are found during the inspection, the company will be issued a warning letter to correct them within a specific timeframe.

3. Imposition of Fines: If the company fails to comply with the warnings, fines may be imposed according to the severity of the violations.

4. Suspension of Work: In case of serious violations that pose an immediate threat to workers’ health and safety, authorities may order a temporary suspension of work until corrective measures are taken.

5. Legal Action: If repeated or severe violations are found, legal action may be taken against the company. This can involve criminal charges, such as imprisonment or hefty fines.

6. Revocation of License: In extreme cases, where there is clear evidence that the company has repeatedly violated health and safety regulations despite previous warnings and penalties, authorities may revoke its license to operate.

In addition to these steps, companies may also face negative publicity and damage to their reputation if found guilty of endangering workers’ health and safety. Therefore, it is essential for companies operating in Egypt to adhere strictly to health and safety regulations to avoid facing any legal repercussions.