1. What is the average household income in Kazakhstan and how does it compare to the cost of living?

According to World Bank data from 2019, the average household income in Kazakhstan is approximately $7,198 USD per year.

The cost of living in Kazakhstan varies depending on location and lifestyle, but it is generally considered to be lower than many other countries. The cost of living index for Kazakhstan is 28.91, with 100 being the average for all countries.

Overall, the average household income in Kazakhstan appears to be relatively low compared to the cost of living. However, this can vary greatly depending on individual circumstances and financial responsibilities. Some expenses such as housing and food may be lower in cost compared to other countries, while certain goods and services may be more expensive. It is important to research specific areas and compare prices before making assumptions about the overall cost of living in Kazakhstan.

2. How is inflation affecting the cost of living in Kazakhstan and what steps can individuals take to prepare for it?

Inflation in Kazakhstan has been relatively stable in recent years, with an average inflation rate of around 5% between 2016 and 2020. However, there have been periods of higher inflation, reaching a peak of 7.4% in 2018. Inflation affects the cost of living by reducing the purchasing power of individuals’ money. This means that the same amount of money can buy fewer goods and services, leading to an increase in the overall cost of living.

One major factor contributing to inflation in Kazakhstan is the fluctuation of global commodity prices, as Kazakhstan is a major exporter of oil and other natural resources. When global prices for these commodities rise, it can lead to an increase in domestic prices for goods and services.

Another factor contributing to inflation is excessive money supply growth, which occurs when there is an increase in the amount of money available in the economy without a corresponding increase in production. This can happen due to factors such as government spending or excessive lending by banks.

To prepare for inflation and its impact on their cost of living, individuals can take several steps:

1. Create a budget: The first step in preparing for inflation is knowing your current expenses and creating a budget that tracks your spending. This will give you a clear picture of where your money is going and allow you to identify areas where you can cut back if necessary.

2. Diversify investments: During periods of high inflation, traditional savings accounts may not provide enough return to keep up with rising prices. Consider diversifying your investments by investing in stocks, real estate or other assets that have historically performed well during periods of high inflation.

3. Save for emergencies: Having a cushion of savings set aside for unexpected expenses can help mitigate the impact of rising prices on your budget.

4. Keep track of price changes: It’s important to stay informed about changes in prices for goods and services you regularly purchase. This will help you adjust your budget accordingly and make informed decisions about when to make purchases.

5. Invest in skills and education: As inflation can also lead to a rise in the cost of education and training, investing in your own skills and education can help improve your earning potential and mitigate the impact of inflation on your income.

6. Shop around for better deals: With rising prices, it’s important to compare prices among different providers to get the best deal possible. This can include regularly checking prices for groceries, housing, utilities, and other expenses.

Overall, while individuals cannot control inflation itself, they can take proactive steps to manage its impact on their cost of living by budgeting carefully, diversifying investments, saving for emergencies, staying informed about price changes, and investing in their own skills and education.

3. What are the most expensive cities to live in Kazakhstan, and why?

1. Astana- As the current capital of Kazakhstan, Astana is considered to be a modern and rapidly developing city. It has a high demand for luxury housing and commercial space, which drives up the cost of living.

2. Almaty- As the country’s largest city and former capital, Almaty has long been considered the economic and cultural center of Kazakhstan. It has a diverse economy and offers a wide range of opportunities for employment, resulting in higher living costs.

3. Atyrau- This city located in western Kazakhstan is known for its oil industry, with many international oil companies having operations there. The demand for skilled workers in this sector has driven up housing prices and other living expenses.

4. Aktau- Another city heavily influenced by the oil industry, Aktau can be an expensive place to live due to its coastal location and limited availability of housing options.

5. Shymkent- While not as expensive as other cities on this list, Shymkent does see higher costs of living due to its status as a major transportation hub and industrial center.

Overall, these cities tend to have higher costs of living due to their growing economies, influx of expats and business travelers, and limited supply of housing options in desirable areas. Additionally, utility costs can be high in Kazakhstan compared to other countries due to severe weather conditions during certain parts of the year (extreme cold in winter and hot summers).

4. What are the average housing prices in Kazakhstan and how does it impact overall cost of living?

The average housing price in Kazakhstan varies depending on the location and type of property. According to Numbeo, the average cost per square meter for an apartment in a city center is around $915, while outside of the city center it is around $550.

In terms of overall impact on cost of living, housing prices in Kazakhstan can be considered relatively affordable compared to other countries. However, they may still make up a significant portion of expenses for individuals and families. In addition, as cities like Almaty and Nur-Sultan are rapidly developing and becoming more popular with expats and tourists, the cost of housing may continue to rise.

5. Are there any tax benefits or incentives available for retirement planning in Kazakhstan?

Yes, there are tax benefits and incentives available for retirement planning in Kazakhstan. These include:

1. Tax-deductible contributions to private pension funds: Individual taxpayers in Kazakhstan can deduct up to 10% of their annual income from their taxable income if they make voluntary contributions to private pension funds that are registered with the National Bank of Kazakhstan.

2. Tax-exempt earnings on pension contributions: Any earnings on contributions made to a private pension fund are exempt from income tax in Kazakhstan.

3. Tax exemption on lump-sum payments from pensions: Lump-sum payments received from a private pension fund are exempt from income tax in Kazakhstan.

4. Reduced personal income tax rate for retirees: Retirees over the age of 60 who receive a state old-age or disability pension are eligible for a reduced personal income tax rate of 5%, compared to the standard rate of 10%.

5. Tax exemption on government social benefits: In addition to receiving a reduced personal income tax rate, retirees receiving state social benefits (such as old-age or disability pensions) are also exempt from paying any additional taxes on these benefits.

6. Voluntary pension insurance deductions: Individuals can also deduct voluntary contributions made to the mandatory retirement savings system (a type of long-term savings account) from their taxable income, up to maximum limits set by the government.

It is important to note that these tax benefits and incentives may change over time and it is recommended to consult with a financial advisor or tax professional for specific information regarding retirement planning in Kazakhstan.

6. How do health care costs factor into financial planning and cost of living in Kazakhstan?

Health care costs are a significant factor in financial planning and the cost of living in Kazakhstan. The country has a mixed public-private health care system, with state-funded healthcare available to citizens through compulsory social health insurance. Private health care also exists, and many people opt for private clinics due to perceived better quality and shorter wait times.

Some of the key factors that contribute to health care costs in Kazakhstan include:

1. Lack of universal coverage: As mentioned earlier, although state-funded healthcare is available to all citizens through compulsory social health insurance, it does not cover the entire population. This means that many people have to rely on private healthcare for their medical needs.

2. High out-of-pocket expenses: Even for those who have access to state-funded healthcare, there are often high out-of-pocket expenses involved. This includes co-payments, deductibles, and other fees that can quickly add up.

3. Limited access to specialized treatments: While basic medical services may be covered by state-funded healthcare, specialized treatments such as complex surgeries or advanced medications may not be covered. In such cases, individuals have to pay out of pocket or seek treatment at a private clinic.

4. Aging population: Kazakhstan’s population is rapidly aging, leading to an increased demand for healthcare services. As the elderly are more likely to require medical treatment and more frequent visits to doctors, this puts additional pressure on the country’s healthcare system.

5. Different pricing for locals vs expats: Foreign nationals living in Kazakhstan may face higher healthcare costs compared to locals due to different pricing structures for state-funded and private services.

All these factors contribute significantly towards making health care one of the biggest expenses in Kazakhstan’s cost of living. Therefore, when planning their finances in Kazakhstan, individuals need to consider setting aside a significant portion of their income towards potential medical expenses. Additionally, having comprehensive health insurance coverage is crucial for managing these costs effectively.

7. What percentage of income should be allocated towards savings and investments in order to maintain a comfortable standard of living in Kazakhstan?

There is no one set percentage that applies to all individuals and families in Kazakhstan. The amount to allocate towards savings and investments largely depends on personal financial goals, expenses, and income level.

However, financial experts generally recommend saving 10-15% of your income for retirement and investing an additional 10-15% towards long-term financial goals such as buying a house or starting a business. This would mean allocating at least 20-30% of your income towards savings and investments.

It’s important to note that this may vary based on individual circumstances. For example, someone earning a higher income may be able to save and invest a larger percentage of their income while someone with lower income may have more limited resources for saving and investing. Additionally, if you have significant debt or high living expenses, you may need to adjust the percentage allocated towards savings and investments accordingly.

Ultimately, it’s best to consult with a financial advisor who can help create a personalized savings and investment plan based on your specific situation.

8. Are there any government programs or support for retirement planning in Kazakhstan?

Yes, there are several government programs and support for retirement planning in Kazakhstan:

1. State Pension Fund: This is the main retirement program in Kazakhstan, where individuals make contributions from their salaries and receive a pension after retirement.

2. Voluntary Retirement Savings System: This program allows individuals to voluntarily contribute a portion of their salary towards their retirement savings with tax benefits.

3. Mandatory Individual Pension Savings Program: This program is mandatory for all citizens born after 1960 and requires both employees and employers to contribute towards their retirement savings.

4. Social Security Benefits: The government provides social security benefits to retirees who do not receive a pension or have not made contributions towards any pension schemes.

5. Public Sector Pension Scheme: Government employees are entitled to a separate pension scheme, where they make contributions and receive a pension upon retirement.

6. Tax Incentives: The government offers tax incentives for individuals who invest in certain approved private pension plans, which can help boost their retirement savings.

7. Financial Education Programs: The government regularly organizes financial education programs to educate citizens on the importance of retirement planning and how to effectively manage their finances for retirement.

8. Support for Low-Income Retirees: The government also provides support for low-income retirees through various social assistance programs, including monthly payments and subsidized healthcare services.

9. How do education costs play a role in financial planning, particularly for families, in Kazakhstan?

Education costs play a significant role in financial planning for families in Kazakhstan. The country has a highly competitive and structured education system, with a strong emphasis on academic achievement. As a result, parents place great importance on providing their children with the best education possible.

1. Preschool/Early Childhood Education:
In Kazakhstan, many families start planning and saving for their child’s education as early as birth or even during pregnancy. This is because preschool and early childhood education is seen as crucial for a child’s development and future success. Families often enroll their children in private kindergartens or preparatory schools, which can be expensive.

2. Primary and Secondary Education:
Once a child reaches school age, families are faced with the cost of primary and secondary education. In Kazakhstan, most schools are public, but there are also many private schools that offer higher quality education. These private schools often have higher tuition fees that can add up to a significant amount over the years.

3. Higher Education:
Similarly, higher education in Kazakhstan can also be costly for families. This is especially true for those who want to send their children abroad to study at prestigious universities. Even within the country, attending top universities such as Nazarbayev University or KIMEP University can be expensive.

4. Extracurricular Activities:
Parents also need to factor in the cost of extracurricular activities such as music lessons, sports clubs, tutoring services, and language classes for their children’s overall development.

5. Hidden Costs:
There are also hidden costs associated with education that many families may not consider initially when creating their financial plans. These include expenses like registration fees, uniform costs, textbooks, supplies, transportation, and school trips.

To manage these educational expenses effectively and ease the financial burden on families, some options include:

1. Savings Plans:
Many parents opt to create an education savings plan to prepare for future expenses related to their child’s education. This can involve setting aside a portion of their income in a separate savings account or investing in education saving plans offered by banks or financial institutions.

2. Scholarships and Financial Aid:
Families can also explore scholarship and financial aid opportunities to reduce the cost of education for their children. In Kazakhstan, there are various merit-based scholarships offered by the government and private organizations that students can apply for.

3. Education Loans:
Another option is to take out an education loan to cover the cost of tuition fees. However, families need to consider the repayment terms and interest rates before opting for this option.

In conclusion, education costs are a significant consideration when it comes to financial planning for families in Kazakhstan. To ensure they can provide their children with a quality education without compromising their financial stability, parents must carefully budget and plan for these expenses from an early stage.

10. Are there any regulations or restrictions on foreign investments that could affect an individual’s financial plans while living in Kazakhstan?

Yes, there are several regulations and restrictions on foreign investments in Kazakhstan that could affect an individual’s financial plans while living in the country. Some key regulations and restrictions to be aware of include:
1. Foreign investors must obtain permission from the Ministry of Investment and Development before making any investments in strategic industries, such as oil and gas.
2. Non-residents are limited in their ability to own land in Kazakhstan.
3. Capital gains tax may apply to the sale of certain assets by non-residents.
4. Dividend payments to non-residents are subject to a withholding tax of 15%.
5. Foreign currency transactions above certain amounts require prior approval from the National Bank of Kazakhstan.
6. Repatriation of profits and dividends may be subject to government approval.
7. Certain industries may have additional licensing or regulatory requirements for foreign investors.
It is recommended to seek professional advice before making any investment decisions in Kazakhstan as laws and regulations can change frequently.

11. How do exchange rates impact the cost of living for expats or those earning an income abroad while residing in Kazakhstan?

Exchange rates can have a significant impact on the cost of living for expats or those earning an income abroad while residing in Kazakhstan. If their income is in a currency that is stronger than the Kazakhstani tenge, they will have more purchasing power and may find that their cost of living is relatively lower compared to locals. This means they can afford more goods and services for the same amount of money.

On the other hand, if their income is in a weaker currency, they may find that their cost of living is higher as they will need to spend more money to purchase goods and services due to unfavourable exchange rates.

Moreover, fluctuations in exchange rates can also affect the cost of imported goods and services. If the value of the local currency increases, imported items will become cheaper, making the cost of living lower for expats or foreigners earning income in another currency. Conversely, if the local currency depreciates, the cost of imported goods will increase, leading to a higher overall cost of living.

Therefore, it is important for expats or those earning an income abroad in Kazakhstan to pay close attention to exchange rates and factor them into their budgeting and decision-making related to spending and saving. They may also want to consider exchanging their foreign earnings into local currency at times when rates are favourable in order to mitigate any potential impact on their cost of living.

12. Is it more financially advantageous to rent or buy a property given the current market conditions in Kazakhstan?

In general, it is difficult to say whether it is more financially advantageous to rent or buy a property in Kazakhstan based on current market conditions. It ultimately depends on a variety of factors, including location, property type, and individual financial circumstances.

However, there are some things to consider when deciding between renting or buying a property in Kazakhstan:

1. Property prices: According to the Global Property Guide, property prices in Kazakhstan have been declining in recent years. This could make buying a property more financially advantageous as compared to renting.

2. Rental yields: On average, the rental yield (annual rental income as a percentage of the property price) in Kazakhstan is relatively low at 5-6%. This means that for investors looking for a high return on investment, buying a property may not be as attractive as renting.

3. Interest rates: The interest rates on mortgages in Kazakhstan are currently quite high (around 7-8%). This makes financing a property purchase more expensive and may make renting a more attractive option for those who do not have the immediate capital for a down payment.

4. Market stability: The real estate market in Kazakhstan is still developing and can be volatile. This means that there may be risks associated with buying a property – such as potential decreases in value – which could make renting a safer option.

5. Personal circumstances: Finally, it’s important to consider your individual financial circumstances and personal preferences when deciding whether to rent or buy. Owning a property can provide long-term stability and benefits such as building equity, while renting may offer flexibility and freedom from maintenance responsibilities.

As with any major financial decision, it is recommended to carefully research and consider all factors before making a decision between renting or buying in the current market conditions of Kazakhstan.

13. Are there any unique expenses that are often overlooked when creating a financial plan for living in Kazakhstan?

There are a few unique expenses that are often overlooked when creating a financial plan for living in Kazakhstan:

1. Visa costs: Depending on your country of origin, you may need to obtain a visa to live and work in Kazakhstan. The cost of a visa can range from $100-$300 and should be factored into your budget.

2. Health insurance: While healthcare is relatively affordable in Kazakhstan, it is still recommended to have health insurance in case of any unexpected medical expenses.

3. Repatriation expenses: If you plan on living in Kazakhstan long-term, it’s important to consider the costs of repatriation (returning to your home country) in case of an emergency or unforeseen circumstances.

4. Cost of imported goods: Imported goods, especially from Western countries, can be more expensive in Kazakhstan due to import taxes and transportation costs. It’s important to factor this into your budget if you have specific brands or products that you prefer.

5. Travel costs within the country: Kazakhstan is a large country and traveling between cities or regions can be costly, especially if flying is necessary. This should be taken into account when planning trips and vacations within the country.

6. Cultural events and activities: There are many cultural events and activities that take place in Kazakhstan throughout the year, such as festivals, concerts, and exhibitions. These may require additional funds for tickets or admission fees.

7. Household help: It is common for expats living in Kazakhstan to hire household help such as cleaners, cooks, or nannies. It’s important to factor these costs into your budget if you plan on hiring any help.

8. Taxes and social security contributions: If you are employed in Kazakhstan, your income will be subject to taxes and social security contributions. These vary depending on the individual’s salary and benefits package.

9.Cost of utilities: The cost of utilities such as electricity, water, gas, and internet may vary from what you are used to in your home country. It’s important to research and factor these costs into your budget.

10. Language learning expenses: If you plan on living in Kazakhstan long-term, it may be beneficial to learn the local language. This could involve taking classes or hiring a tutor, which should be considered in your budget.

14. Is it necessary to have an emergency savings fund specifically tailored to the cost of living and potential emergencies faced by residents of Kazakhstan?

It is always recommended to have an emergency savings fund, regardless of where you live. Emergencies can happen at any time and having a financial safety net can help you avoid falling into debt or other financial struggles. The amount you save may vary depending on your living expenses and potential emergencies, but having some savings set aside for unexpected expenses is always a good idea. It is also important to regularly review and adjust your emergency savings fund as necessary to accommodate any changes in your living costs or potential risks.

15. Do employers generally offer benefits such as retirement plans or health insurance which can affect an individual’s financial planning choices while working and residing in Kazakhstan?

Employers in Kazakhstan are generally not required by law to provide retirement plans or health insurance for their employees. However, some companies may choose to offer these benefits to attract and retain talent.

Retirement Plans: Many employers in Kazakhstan offer voluntary pension programs, which are similar to 401(k) plans in the US. These plans allow employees to make contributions through salary deductions and the employer may also make a matching contribution. The funds in these accounts can be withdrawn upon retirement.

Health Insurance: Employers are not legally required to provide health insurance for their employees, but it is becoming more common for companies, especially larger ones, to offer health insurance as part of their benefits package. Employees usually have the option to contribute towards their health insurance premiums, and coverage often includes both preventative and comprehensive care.

These benefits can greatly impact an individual’s financial planning choices while working and residing in Kazakhstan. For example, if an individual has access to a retirement plan with matching contributions from their employer, it can provide significant savings opportunities for their future. Similarly, having access to affordable health insurance can help alleviate potential financial burdens in case of medical emergencies or regular healthcare expenses. It is important for individuals to carefully consider these benefits when making financial decisions and ensure they are taking full advantage of any offerings by their employer.

16. Are there any cultural factors that could impact one’s spending habits and financial outlook while living in Kazakhstan?

Possible cultural factors that could impact spending habits and financial outlook in Kazakhstan include:

1. Traditional values and beliefs: In Kazakhstan, there is a strong emphasis on traditional values such as family, community, and hospitality. This may lead to individuals prioritizing their spending on taking care of their families and being generous towards others.

2. The household structure: In Kazakhstan, multigenerational households are common where multiple generations live together. This can influence spending habits as there may be a shared responsibility to provide for the entire family rather than just oneself.

3. Social pressure: In some communities in Kazakhstan, there may be pressure to keep up with the lifestyle and spending habits of peers or neighbors. This can lead to individuals feeling the need to spend beyond their means in order to fit in or maintain a certain image.

4. Attitudes towards saving: In some cultures, saving for the future is seen as important while in others, living in the present is valued more. Individuals who grew up in households that emphasized saving may carry this attitude towards finances into adulthood.

5. Importance of education: Education is highly valued in Kazakh culture, which may lead individuals to invest heavily in education for themselves or their children even if it means borrowing money or going into debt.

6. Influence of religion: Kazakhstan is a predominantly Muslim country and religious teachings may play a role in how individuals approach finances. For example, Islamic teachings discourage usury (charging interest on loans) which can impact one’s attitudes towards borrowing and credit card use.

7. Government policies: Government policies such as taxation rates and regulations on businesses can also impact people’s financial outlook and spending habits. High taxes may limit disposable income while less regulation can make it easier for people to access credit leading to higher levels of borrowing.

8. Perception of wealth and status: In some cultures, accumulating material possessions is seen as a sign of success and social standing. This can create pressure for individuals to spend on luxury items and experiences even if it means going into debt.

9. View on retirement: In Kazakhstan, there is a strong culture of valuing hard work and lifelong employment. This may lead to individuals not prioritizing saving for retirement as they may expect to continue working well into their later years. However, with changing demographics and an aging population, this attitude may shift in the future.

Overall, individual attitudes towards spending and saving can be influenced by a combination of cultural factors in Kazakhstan. It is important for individuals to be aware of these influences and make financial decisions that align with their personal values and goals.

17. Does the government provide any social security benefits for retirees or individuals with disabilities in Kazakhstan?

Yes, the government of Kazakhstan provides social security benefits for retirees and individuals with disabilities. These benefits include pensions, disability benefits, and inflation adjustments.

The pension system in Kazakhstan is divided into two tiers: mandatory state social insurance and voluntary savings schemes. The mandatory state social insurance system covers all employed citizens and guarantees a minimum pension upon retirement. The amount of the pension depends on the length of service and average monthly earnings.

Individuals with disabilities are eligible for a disability allowance, which provides financial support to help cover living expenses and medical costs. Additionally, individuals with disabilities may also receive other forms of assistance such as rehabilitation services and job placement assistance.

Inflation adjustments are also provided to retirees, ensuring that their pensions keep pace with rising living costs. Retirees can also choose to continue working after reaching retirement age, which allows them to continue earning income while receiving their pension.

Overall, the social security system in Kazakhstan aims to provide support for retirees and individuals with disabilities to maintain a basic standard of living and access essential services.

18. How has the cost of living in Kazakhstan changed over the past decade, and what predictions are there for future trends?

The cost of living in Kazakhstan has increased over the past decade. According to data from Numbeo, a crowd-sourced database of consumer prices, the cost of living in Kazakhstan has increased by about 17% from 2010 to 2020. This increase is primarily driven by rising prices for housing, transportation, and food.

Housing costs have seen a significant increase due to rapid urbanization and rising demand for real estate. In major cities like Almaty and Nur-Sultan, rental prices have increased by almost double over the past decade. The average price per square meter for an apartment in Almaty has risen from around $700 in 2010 to $1200 in 2020.

Transportation costs have also risen due to higher fuel prices and increasing demand for cars. The average price for a liter of gasoline has almost doubled from 2010 to 2020, going from around $0.8 to $1.5.

Food prices have also seen significant increases over the past decade due to inflation and changes in global food markets. According to data from the World Bank, food prices in Kazakhstan have increased by about 38% from 2013 to 2021.

In terms of future trends, it is predicted that the cost of living in Kazakhstan will continue to rise but at a slower pace compared to previous years. This is due to government efforts to control inflation and stabilize the economy as well as global economic factors such as fluctuations in oil prices.

Additionally, with developments like the Belt and Road Initiative bringing more foreign investments into Kazakhstan’s economy, there may be an increase in competition which could help drive down prices and make living costs more affordable for residents. However, this will depend on how effectively these investments are utilized and distributed throughout the country.

Overall, although the cost of living in Kazakhstan has seen a steady increase over the past decade, there are indications that this trend may slow down in the future.

19. Are there any expected changes to taxation laws in Kazakhstan that could affect financial planning decisions for residents?

There are currently no expected changes to taxation laws in Kazakhstan that would significantly impact financial planning decisions for residents. However, it is always advisable to stay updated on any potential changes in tax regulations and adjust financial plans accordingly.

20. What resources or tools are available to help individuals accurately estimate their cost of living and create a realistic budget while living in Kazakhstan?

1. Cost of Living Calculators: Online tools such as Numbeo, Expatistan, and Cost of Living Index provide estimates of the cost of living in Kazakhstan based on user inputs for housing, transportation, food, utilities, and other expenses.

2. Expat Forums: Websites like InterNations and Expat.com have forums where expats share their experiences and tips about living in Kazakhstan. These can provide insights into how much others are spending on different aspects of their daily life.

3. Local Banks: Many banks have online budgeting tools and calculators that help users track their spending and create a budget. Some banks also offer financial planning services for customers.

4. Government Sources: The Ministry of Statistics website provides data on the Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Kazakhstan, which can give an idea of price changes over time for goods and services.

5. Expatriate Communities: Joining expat groups or social networks can provide information about the cost of living from individuals who are currently living in Kazakhstan.

6. Local Cost Guides: Guide books specifically targeted towards expats or tourists may have information about common costs associated with living in Kazakhstan.

7. Rental Websites: For those looking to rent accommodation, websites such as Rabota.kz or Krisha.kz offer listings with rental prices for various neighborhoods/locations in major cities in Kazakhstan.

8. Employment Contracts: If moving to Kazakhstan for work, employment contracts often outline the salary offered and any additional benefits such as housing allowance or transportation reimbursement that can be included in budgeting calculations.

9. Networking Events: Attending networking events organized by local businesses or organizations can lead to conversations with individuals who have lived in Kazakhstan for some time and can share insights on cost of living and local budgeting tips.

10. Personal Finance Apps: There are many personal finance apps available that help track expenses and set budgets based on individual needs and priorities.