Impact of State Policies on School Safety for Immigrant Students in Maryland

1. How are state policies addressing the safety of immigrant students in Maryland?

Maryland has implemented several policies to address the safety of immigrant students in the state.

1. Protection from Immigration Enforcement: In 2016, Maryland passed the Maryland Law Enforcement and Governmental Trust Act, which restricts state and local law enforcement from collaborating with federal immigration enforcement agencies, unless certain conditions are met. This law aims to protect all residents, including immigrants and their families, from discriminatory treatment by immigration officials.

2. In-State Tuition for Undocumented Students: In 2012, Maryland passed the Dream Act, allowing undocumented students who meet certain criteria to pay in-state tuition rates at public colleges and universities. This policy allows more access to higher education for immigrant students and removes a potential financial barrier for their education.

3. Multilingual Education: Maryland requires school districts with a significant number of non-English speaking students to provide multilingual education services. Additionally, some counties in Maryland have adopted policies that require schools to provide interpretive services during parent-teacher conferences and other school events.

4. Safe Schools Policy: The Maryland State Department of Education has a Safe Schools policy that addresses harassment or bullying based on factors such as race, ethnicity or national origin, including immigrant status.

5. Nondiscrimination Policies: All public schools in Maryland are required to establish policies prohibiting discrimination against any student based on their immigration status or national origin.

6. Training for School Staff: The state provides training opportunities for educators on how to support immigrant students and promote inclusive school environments. This includes specific training on topics such as cultural competency and language access.

7. Legal Services for Immigrant Students: Some school districts in Maryland have partnered with local legal organizations to provide free or low-cost legal services to immigrant students and families who may need assistance with immigration issues.

8. Reporting Hate Crimes: Under Governor Larry Hogan’s leadership, the state established a hotline through the Attorney General’s office specifically for reporting hate crimes affecting minority communities, including immigrant communities.

Overall, Maryland has implemented policies that aim to protect the safety and rights of immigrant students in the state. These policies promote inclusivity and provide resources and support for immigrant students and their families.

2. Have there been any specific measures taken by Maryland to ensure the safety of immigrant students in schools?


Yes, there have been specific measures taken by Maryland to ensure the safety of immigrant students in schools, including:

1. The creation of policies and guidelines that prohibit discrimination based on immigration status: Maryland has statewide policies and guidelines in place that explicitly prohibit discrimination against students based on their immigration status. This includes issues such as enrollment, participation in school activities, and access to services.

2. The designation of safe zones: Some schools in Maryland have designated “safe zones” where students can access information and resources related to immigration without fear of deportation or retaliation.

3. Training for school staff: Maryland has provided training for teachers and staff on how to support immigrant students who may face challenges due to their immigration status. This includes educating them about the rights of immigrant students and how to create a welcoming and inclusive environment for all students.

4. Providing resources and information for immigrant families: Maryland has made efforts to provide resources and information for immigrant families, such as materials available in multiple languages, workshops on navigating the education system, and referrals to legal assistance if needed.

5. Collaboration with community organizations: The state has worked closely with community organizations that provide support to immigrants, such as legal aid organizations and advocacy groups, to ensure that students receive the necessary assistance and protections.

6. Guidance on handling requests from federal agencies: In response to changes in federal policy regarding immigration enforcement, Maryland’s State Department of Education has issued guidance for schools on how to handle requests from federal agencies for information about students’ immigration status or access to school property.

Overall, Maryland aims to create a safe and welcoming environment for all students regardless of their immigration status through these measures.

3. What effect have government policies had on the well-being and safety of immigrant students in schools in Maryland?


Government policies have had a significant effect on the well-being and safety of immigrant students in schools in Maryland. Some of these effects include:

1. Increased fear and anxiety: With the recent changes in immigration policy at the federal level, many immigrant students and their families live in constant fear of deportation. This fear can lead to increased stress and anxiety among these students, which can negatively impact their emotional well-being.

2. Language barriers: Many immigrant students come from non-English speaking backgrounds and may struggle to communicate with their teachers and peers. Lack of access to language support services can make it difficult for these students to effectively participate in classroom activities, leading to feelings of isolation and frustration.

3. Discrimination and bullying: Immigrant students are often targeted by their peers due to their ethnicity or immigration status, which can lead to bullying and discrimination. This not only affects their sense of safety but also has a negative impact on their mental health.

4. Limited access to resources: Due to financial constraints, many immigrant families are unable to provide their children with necessary resources such as textbooks, transportation, or even basic school supplies. This can hinder their academic progress and further contribute to feelings of exclusion.

5. Educational disruption: Changes in immigration policies can result in sudden shifts for families who are forced to move or change schools abruptly. This can lead to educational disruption for immigrant students, making it harder for them to maintain continuity in their studies.

6. Fear of reporting abuse or seeking help: Many undocumented immigrants face the added fear that reporting abuse or seeking help from authorities could put them at risk for deportation. This can prevent immigrant students from getting the support they need when facing issues such as bullying or harassment.

In conclusion, government policies have created a hostile environment for immigrant students in Maryland schools, impacting their emotional well-being, academic success, and overall safety. It is important for policymakers to address these issues and create an inclusive and welcoming environment for all students, regardless of their immigration status.

4. Are there any programs or initiatives in place to support the mental health and well-being of immigrant students in Maryland schools?


Yes, Maryland schools have several programs and initiatives in place to support the mental health and well-being of immigrant students. Here are a few examples:

1. Counseling services: Many schools in Maryland offer counseling services for students, including those who are immigrants. These services are meant to provide emotional support, help students cope with stress and challenges, and provide any necessary referrals for additional mental health services.

2. ESL (English as a Second Language) programs: Schools in Maryland often offer ESL programs to help students whose first language is not English to learn the language and better integrate into their new community. These programs can also provide a sense of camaraderie and support for immigrant students who may be struggling with language barriers.

3. Cultural competency training: Some school districts in Maryland offer cultural competency training for teachers and staff to help them better understand and support immigrant students, as well as create inclusive and welcoming environments for all students.

4. Multicultural clubs or organizations: Many schools have multicultural clubs or organizations that aim to promote diversity and foster understanding among different cultures. These clubs can provide a support system for immigrant students by connecting them with other students who share similar experiences.

5. Mental health awareness events: Some schools hold mental health awareness events throughout the year, which may include workshops, presentations, and resources focused on addressing specific issues that impact immigrant students.

6. Collaboration with community organizations: School districts may also collaborate with local community organizations that specialize in supporting immigrants’ mental health needs. This partnership can provide additional resources for immigrant students and families.

Overall, school districts in Maryland recognize the unique challenges faced by immigrant students and strive to create supportive environments where they can thrive academically, socially, and emotionally.

5. How has the current political climate and immigration policies impacted the safety of immigrant students in schools in Maryland?


The current political climate and immigration policies have had a major impact on the safety of immigrant students in schools in Maryland. These policies have created an atmosphere of fear and uncertainty among immigrant communities, which has directly affected the safety of students in schools.

One major impact has been increased incidents of bullying and discrimination against immigrant students. Many students who are perceived as immigrants or foreigners have reported being verbally harassed or physically bullied by their peers. This is especially true for Muslim and Latino students, who have often been targeted based on their ethnic or religious background.

In addition, the heightened enforcement of immigration laws has led to increased anxiety and fear among immigrant families. This fear extends to their children who may also worry about deportation of themselves or their parents. This fear can negatively impact the mental health and well-being of these students, leading to decreased academic performance, attendance, and participation in school activities.

Furthermore, many immigrant families may be hesitant to send their children to school due to concerns about being asked for documentation or being questioned about their legal status. This not only affects the child’s education but also puts them at risk for falling behind academically.

Moreover, some schools have implemented stricter security measures in response to potential immigration enforcement actions. While these measures may be intended to maintain safety, they can create a hostile learning environment for immigrant students who may feel targeted or singled out.

Finally, changes in immigration policies have resulted in some families being separated from their children due to deportation proceedings. This has a devastating effect on both the child and their classmates and teachers who may witness this traumatic event.

Overall, the current political climate and immigration policies have significantly impacted the safety of immigrant students in Maryland schools. The increased fear, discrimination, and separation from family members all contribute to a negative learning environment that can hinder these students’ academic success and well-being.

6. Are there any collaborations between schools, law enforcement, and community organizations to address school safety for immigrant students in Maryland?


Yes, there are collaborations between schools, law enforcement, and community organizations in Maryland to address school safety for immigrant students. These collaborations include:

1. The Maryland Center for School Safety (MCSS) – This organization works with local law enforcement agencies and school districts to provide training on handling school safety issues, including those related to immigrant students.

2. Baltimore City Schools Immigration Support Team – This team comprises of dedicated staff from the Baltimore City public schools, the Mayor’s Office of Immigrant Affairs, and community-based organizations to respond to the needs of immigrant students and families within the Baltimore City school system.

3. Montgomery County Public Schools Secure Communities Network – This program involves a partnership between schools, local police departments, and community service providers to promote a safe learning environment for all students, regardless of immigration status.

4. Prince George’s County Safe Schools Interagency Committee (SSIC) – This committee brings together representatives from schools, law enforcement agencies, mental health services, and other community organizations to address issues of school safety for immigrant students in Prince George’s County.

5. Maryland Coalition Against Sexual Assault (MCASA) – This organization provides training and resources on addressing sexual violence in schools for both immigrant and non-immigrant students.

6. Casa de Maryland – A nonprofit organization that partners with local schools and law enforcement agencies to provide support services for immigrant students and their families.

Overall, these collaborations aim to create a safe and welcoming environment for all students in Maryland schools, including those from immigrant backgrounds.

7. Do school districts in Maryland have specific protocols for handling safety concerns related to anti-immigrant sentiments or hate crimes targeting immigrant students?


Yes, most school districts in Maryland have specific protocols in place for handling safety concerns related to anti-immigrant sentiments or hate crimes targeting immigrant students. These may include:

1. Non-Discrimination Policies: All school districts in Maryland have policies that prohibit discrimination against students based on their race, ethnicity, national origin, or immigration status.

2. Reporting Procedures: School districts have established procedures for students and staff to report any incidents of bias or harassment. This could include a designated person or office to whom the incident can be reported.

3. Investigation Process: School districts have processes in place to investigate reports of bias incidents and hate crimes targeting immigrant students. This may involve gathering information from witnesses and taking appropriate actions to address the situation.

4. Mental Health Support: Some school districts also have mental health support services available for students who may be experiencing fear or anxiety due to anti-immigrant sentiments or hate crimes.

5. Educational Resources: School districts may provide educational resources and materials on diversity, tolerance, and inclusivity to promote understanding and respect among students.

6. Collaboration with Law Enforcement: If necessary, school districts may collaborate with law enforcement agencies to ensure the safety of immigrant students and address any hate crimes.

7. Community Partnerships: Some school districts work closely with community organizations that provide support and resources for immigrant families, such as legal aid services and counseling.

It is important for parents to familiarize themselves with their local school district’s policies and procedures for handling safety concerns related to anti-immigrant sentiments or hate crimes targeting immigrant students. In case of any concerns or incidents, parents should report them promptly to the appropriate authorities within the school district.

8. What steps does Maryland take to ensure that all schools, including those with high populations of immigrant students, have adequate security measures in place?


1. Mandatory Safety Plans: Every public school in Maryland is required by state law to develop and implement a school safety plan that includes measures for responding to emergencies, such as active shooter situations.

2. School Resource Officers (SROs): Many schools in Maryland have an SRO on site. SROs are trained law enforcement officers who work closely with school administrators to ensure the safety and security of students and staff. They also provide education on crime prevention and other safety issues.

3. Safety Training and Drills: Schools conduct regular drills for emergency situations, including lockdowns, evacuations, and shelter-in-place procedures. This helps students and staff understand what to do in case of an emergency and ensures that all security measures are functioning properly.

4. Background Checks for School Personnel: All employees working in Maryland public schools must undergo criminal background checks before they can be hired. This includes teachers, support staff, volunteers, and contractors.

5. Security Cameras: Many Maryland schools have security cameras installed throughout the campus to monitor activity and identify potential threats.

6. Cybersecurity Measures: Schools in Maryland have strict protocols in place to protect students’ personal information from cyber-attacks or hacking attempts.

7. Mental Health Services: The state of Maryland recognizes that mental health plays a crucial role in overall school safety. Thus, there are various programs available to support emotional wellness among students, such as counseling services.

8. Specialized Programs for Immigrant Students: To ensure that immigrant students feel safe at school, many districts in Maryland offer specialized programs that address the unique challenges they may face, such as language barriers or cultural differences. These programs also provide resources and support for these students’ families.

In addition to these measures, the state regularly reviews its safety policies and procedures to identify areas for improvement and adapts them accordingly based on best practices and emerging threats.

9. Has there been an increase or decrease in incidents of bullying or discrimination against immigrant students since certain policies were implemented in Maryland schools?


The answer to this question is not readily available as there are no specific policies that have been implemented in Maryland schools targeting immigrant students. However, there have been several statewide efforts aimed at fostering a safe and inclusive environment for all students, including immigrant students.

One such effort was the State Board of Education’s adoption of regulations in 2018 that explicitly prohibit discrimination based on immigration status. These regulations also require school districts to develop policies and procedures for addressing incidents of bullying and harassment based on factors including immigration status.

Additionally, the Maryland Department of Education has developed resources for educators, families, and students to promote understanding and respectful treatment of immigrant students. These include fact sheets on how to create an inclusive school climate and ways to support undocumented students.

It is difficult to determine if these efforts have had any impact on the incidence of bullying or discrimination against immigrant students in Maryland schools. The state requires annual reporting on incidents of harassment, intimidation, or bullying, but does not specifically track incidents impacting immigrant students.

Overall, while it may be challenging to assess the impact of these efforts on bullying and discrimination against immigrant students specifically, these statewide policies and resources demonstrate a commitment from Maryland education officials to creating a safe and inclusive environment for all students.

10. Are there any challenges faced by educators when implementing state policies related to school safety for immigrant students in Maryland?


Some potential challenges that educators may face when implementing state policies related to school safety for immigrant students in Maryland include:

1. Language barriers: Many immigrant students may not be fluent in English and therefore, may struggle to understand the policies and procedures related to school safety. This can make it difficult for them to know what is expected of them and how to follow the rules.

2. Lack of cultural sensitivity: Some policies may not take into account the unique cultural backgrounds and experiences of immigrants, which can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts between students and school staff.

3. Fear of deportation: Immigrant students who are undocumented or have family members who are undocumented may be hesitant to report safety concerns or seek help from school officials due to fears of being targeted for deportation.

4. Limited access to resources: Immigrant students, especially those from low-income families, may have limited access to resources such as mental health services or legal support in case of safety concerns.

5. Social isolation: Immigrant students may face social isolation due to language barriers or cultural differences, making it difficult for them to build relationships with their peers and feel safe at school.

6. Discrimination and bullying: Immigrant students, particularly those from marginalized groups, may face discrimination or bullying based on their race, ethnicity, or immigration status. This can negatively impact their sense of safety at school.

7. Lack of training for educators: Educators may not receive adequate training on cultural competency and addressing the needs of immigrant students, making it challenging for them to effectively implement state policies related to school safety.

8. Inadequate resources: Schools in areas with high numbers of immigrant students may lack the necessary resources and support staff (e.g., counselors, bilingual teachers) needed to address safety concerns and support these students.

9. Inconsistent enforcement of policies: State policies related to school safety for immigrant students may not be consistently enforced across all schools in Maryland, leading to disparities in safety measures and support for these students.

10. Limited communication with parents/legal guardians: Some immigrant parents or legal guardians may not be aware of state policies related to school safety or may face barriers in understanding and communicating with school officials. This can make it difficult to ensure the safety of their children.

11. What resources are available to support English language learning and integration for newly arrived immigrant students in schools throughout Maryland?


There are various resources available to support English language learning and integration for newly arrived immigrant students in schools throughout Maryland. These resources include:

1. English as a Second Language (ESL) Programs: Many public schools in Maryland have ESL programs specifically designed for non-native English speaking students. These programs provide additional instructional support and resources to help students learn English.

2. Bilingual Support Services: Some schools may also have bilingual support services, such as bilingual counselors or instructional aides, who can assist newly arrived immigrant students with understanding school policies and procedures, communicating with teachers, and adjusting to the new school environment.

3. Newcomer Centers: Some schools have newcomer centers, which are specialized programs that cater to recently arrived immigrants and provide intensive language instruction and academic support.

4. Community Organizations: There are numerous community organizations throughout Maryland that offer resources and services to support newly arrived immigrants, such as English language classes, cultural orientation workshops, and after-school programs.

5. Library Resources: Public libraries often offer free access to online resources for learning English, such as databases with interactive language learning tools or online tutors who can help with language practice.

6. Statewide ESOL Teacher Outreach Program (STEP): This program provides professional development opportunities for ESOL teachers in Maryland and promotes cross-cultural awareness and understanding among educators.

7. Cultural Competency Training: Many school districts offer cultural competency training for teachers and staff to improve their understanding of diverse cultures and equip them with strategies for effectively supporting immigrant students.

8. Dual Language Programs: Some schools in Maryland offer dual language programs where students learn both English and their native language simultaneously, providing a comfortable environment for them to learn while retaining their native culture.

9. Family Engagement Programs: Schools may offer family engagement programs that involve parents or guardians of immigrant students in school activities and events, helping them feel more connected to their child’s education.

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12. Have there been any cases reported of immigrants being unfairly targeted by school resource officers or other forms of security personnel within schools in Maryland?


Yes, there have been cases reported of immigrants being unfairly targeted by school resource officers and other forms of security personnel within schools in Maryland. In 2016, the American Civil Liberties Union filed a complaint against the Carroll County Public Schools for allegedly targeting Latino students and racially profiling them. The complaint stated that school resource officers with the Carroll County Sheriff’s Office were over-policing Latino students and subjecting them to discriminatory treatment. In another incident in 2017, an African immigrant student in Baltimore was handcuffed by a school resource officer for not following proper attire rules. These incidents highlight the issue of discrimination and targeting of immigrant students by school security personnel in Maryland.

13. How do states like California implement inclusive education policies that prioritize school safety for both native-born and immigrant students?


There are a few ways that states like California can implement inclusive education policies that prioritize school safety for both native-born and immigrant students:

1. Implement anti-bullying and anti-discrimination policies: Schools can create specific policies that outline zero-tolerance for any kind of bullying or discrimination based on race, ethnicity, nationality, or immigration status. These policies should be clearly communicated to students, teachers, and parents to ensure everyone is aware of the consequences for such behavior.

2. Encourage diversity and cultural competence training: School staff, including teachers and administrators, should receive training in cultural competency to better understand and support students from diverse backgrounds. This can help create a safer environment where all students feel respected and included.

3. Provide language support services: Immigrant students who do not speak English as their first language may struggle to access educational materials and communicate with their peers and teachers. States like California can provide resources such as ESL programs, interpretation services, and bilingual classrooms to help these students succeed academically and feel safe at school.

4. Partner with community organizations: Schools can collaborate with local organizations that work with immigrant families to promote mutual understanding, support, and integration within the community. These partnerships can also provide resources for immigrant students and their families to address any concerns they may have about safety at the school.

5. Address immigration-related fears: Many immigrant students may experience fears about immigration enforcement actions targeting their families or themselves. Schools can work with local law enforcement agencies to establish protocols that ensure schools remain safe zones for all students regardless of immigration status.

6. Monitor incidents of discrimination: Schools should actively track incidents of discrimination or harassment against immigrant students and take appropriate steps to address them promptly. This includes providing counseling services for affected students and implementing disciplinary measures for those who engage in discriminatory behavior.

7. Promote a welcoming school culture: It’s important to foster a positive school culture where all students feel welcome regardless of their background. This can include promoting diversity through curriculum, celebrating cultural holidays and traditions, and providing opportunities for students to share and learn about each other’s cultures.

In summary, states like California can prioritize school safety for both native-born and immigrant students by implementing policies that promote inclusivity, foster cultural competency, provide support services, and address fears and concerns related to immigration status. These efforts can create a safe and welcoming school environment for all students to thrive.

14. How do state-level policies recognize cultural diversity as a means to address potential conflicts among different student groups, including immigrant youth, within qualitative assessments monitored through surveys?


State-level policies can recognize cultural diversity as a means to address potential conflicts among different student groups, including immigrant youth, within qualitative assessments monitored through surveys in the following ways:

1. Inclusion of culturally responsive practices: State policies can include guidelines for schools and educators on implementing culturally responsive practices. These practices are designed to recognize and celebrate diverse cultures within the school community and promote understanding and respect for different perspectives.

2. Encouraging open communication: State policies can emphasize the importance of open communication between students from different cultural backgrounds. This can be achieved through activities such as class discussions, group projects, and cultural exchange programs.

3. Providing resources for language support: For immigrant youth who may face language barriers, state policies can ensure that there are adequate resources available to support their language needs. This could include bilingual staff, translation services, and English language learning programs.

4. Promoting cross-cultural understanding: State policies can encourage schools to provide opportunities for students from different backgrounds to interact and learn from each other. This could involve organizing cultural events or workshops where students can share their traditions, beliefs, and experiences.

5. Addressing bias and discrimination: State policies should explicitly address any forms of bias or discrimination based on race, ethnicity, or culture in schools. It should also outline processes for addressing incidents of discrimination when they occur.

6. Conducting regular qualitative assessments: States can mandate that schools conduct regular surveys or focus groups with students to assess how well culturally responsive practices are being implemented and identify any potential conflicts among different student groups.

7. Analyzing survey data: The data collected from these surveys should be analyzed to identify patterns or issues related to cross-cultural interactions within the school community. This will help state policymakers identify areas that require further attention or intervention.

8. Engaging with diverse stakeholders: State policies should involve input from diverse stakeholders such as educators, parents, community leaders, and advocacy groups representing different cultural groups. This will ensure that policies are culturally sensitive and responsive to the needs of all students.

9. Providing professional development: States can also provide funding for professional development opportunities for educators to learn about cultural competence and how to effectively engage with diverse student populations.

10. Celebrating diversity: Lastly, state policies should emphasize the importance of celebrating diversity within the school community. This can be achieved through initiatives such as Multicultural Education Week or Diversity Day, where students can showcase their cultural backgrounds and learn from one another.

15.Did recent statewide education budget cuts have an impact on efforts to improve safety for immigrant students in Maryland schools?


It is possible that recent statewide education budget cuts may have had an impact on efforts to improve safety for immigrant students in Maryland schools. When budget cuts are made, resources and funding for various programs and initiatives may be reduced or eliminated entirely. This could potentially affect the implementation of safety measures specifically targeted towards immigrant students, such as hiring additional staff or providing trainings on cultural competency and inclusivity. Additionally, budget cuts may also lead to larger class sizes and limited resources for schools, making it more difficult for them to adequately address the unique needs of immigrant students, which could in turn impact their safety. It is important for schools and educational institutions to prioritize investing in the safety and well-being of all students, including immigrant students, regardless of any budget constraints they may face.

16. In what ways do state policies support school personnel in recognizing and addressing the unique challenges faced by immigrant students, such as language barriers or cultural adjustment?


State policies can support school personnel in recognizing and addressing the unique challenges faced by immigrant students in several ways:

1. Bilingual/ESL Programs: Many states require schools to offer bilingual or English as a Second Language (ESL) programs to help students who are learning English. These programs provide additional language support to help students succeed academically.

2. Cultural sensitivity training: State policies may require that school personnel receive cultural sensitivity training to better understand the experiences and needs of immigrant students. This can help educators create a more inclusive and positive learning environment for these students.

3. Resource allocation: States can allocate resources specifically for supporting immigrant students, such as funding for ESL teachers, interpreters, and other staff members who can assist with language barriers and cultural adjustment.

4. Multicultural Curriculum: Some states require schools to have a multicultural curriculum that includes diverse perspectives, histories, and cultures. This can help immigrant students feel represented and valued in the classroom.

5. Support services: State policies may also mandate that schools provide additional support services for immigrant students, such as counseling or social-emotional support to help them adjust to their new environment.

6. Parent engagement: States may require schools to involve parents of immigrant students in their education by providing translation services, hosting events in multiple languages, or offering resources for parents on how to support their child’s academic success.

7. Collaborative partnerships: Some state policies encourage collaboration between schools and community organizations or agencies that specialize in supporting immigrants and their families. This can provide additional resources and assistance for these students both inside and outside of the classroom.

8.School evaluation criteria: States may include criteria related to the performance of immigrant students when evaluating school effectiveness or determining funding allocations. This incentivizes schools to prioritize the needs of these students and ensure they are receiving necessary support.

17. Is there a system in place to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of state policies on school safety for immigrant students in Maryland?

There is no specific system in place to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of state policies on school safety for immigrant students in Maryland. However, there are some measures in place to ensure that all students, including immigrant students, have a safe learning environment.

The Maryland State Department of Education conducts annual school safety audits and collects data on school safety incidents through the Safe Schools Reporting System. This data is used to identify trends and inform decision-making related to school safety.

Additionally, local school systems are required to develop and implement crisis plans that include protocols for addressing emergencies and incidents related to hate crimes, bullying, harassment, and discrimination. These plans must also address the specific needs of diverse student populations, including immigrant students.

Furthermore, the Maryland Attorney General’s Office oversees the Office for Civil Rights which investigates complaints of discrimination based on race, color, national origin or immigration status in educational programs and activities receiving financial assistance from the state.

Overall, while there is no specific system in place to solely monitor policies on school safety for immigrant students, the existing measures aim to create a safe and inclusive environment for all students.

18. Are there any partnerships between state agencies and community-based organizations to provide resources and support for immigrant students’ safety in schools?


Yes, there are several partnerships between state agencies and community-based organizations that aim to provide resources and support for immigrant students’ safety in schools. These partnerships often involve collaboration between state education departments, local school districts, and community-based organizations such as non-profit organizations, advocacy groups, and immigrant rights organizations.

Some examples of these partnerships include:

1. The New York State Education Department’s Office of Bilingual Education and World Languages (OBEWL) has collaborated with the New York Immigration Coalition to develop a Safe Schools Task Force. This task force brings together representatives from state and local education departments, law enforcement agencies, social service providers, and community-based organizations to address issues related to the safety and well-being of immigrant students in New York schools.

2. In California, the Department of Education has partnered with the Immigrant Legal Resource Center (ILRC) to provide guidance for school districts on protecting undocumented students’ privacy and promoting safe and inclusive learning environments. This partnership includes training sessions for school staff on topics like immigration policies impacting students, confidentiality laws, and effective communication strategies with immigrant families.

3. The Illinois State Board of Education has teamed up with the Latino Policy Forum to create a toolkit for educators on supporting immigrant students in their classrooms. The toolkit provides information on federal immigration policies affecting students, strategies for creating welcoming schools, and resources for addressing trauma experienced by immigrant students.

These are just a few examples of partnerships between state agencies and community-based organizations that are working to ensure the safety and well-being of immigrant students in schools across the country.

19. What role do local authorities play in implementing state policies related to school safety for immigrant students?


Local authorities play a critical role in implementing state policies related to school safety for immigrant students. They are responsible for enforcing state laws and regulations, as well as ensuring that schools are compliant with state policies related to school safety. Some specific roles of local authorities in implementing state policies for immigrant students may include:

1. Collaborating with state education agencies: Local authorities work closely with their respective state education agencies to understand and implement state policies related to school safety for immigrant students.

2. Developing and enforcing local policies: Local authorities have the responsibility of developing and enforcing local policies that align with the state’s regulations on school safety for immigrant students.

3. Allocating resources: Local authorities are responsible for allocating resources, such as funding and personnel, to support the implementation of state policies related to school safety for immigrant students.

4. Providing training and support: Local authorities may provide training and support to school staff on how to effectively implement state policies, such as creating a welcoming environment for immigrant students.

5. Ensuring compliance: It is the role of local authorities to monitor schools within their jurisdiction and ensure they are compliant with all relevant state laws and regulations regarding school safety for immigrant students.

6. Addressing issues or concerns: If there are any issues or concerns regarding the implementation of state policies, it is the responsibility of local authorities to address them promptly.

7. Involving community partners: Local authorities can also involve community partners, such as non-profit organizations or advocacy groups, in implementing state policies related to school safety for immigrant students.

Overall, local authorities play an important role in ensuring that schools provide a safe and inclusive environment for all students, including those from immigrant backgrounds. They work closely with schools, families, and communities to ensure that state policies are effectively implemented and the needs of immigrant students are met.

20. How do state-level policies uphold the rights of immigrant students to access education without fear of discrimination or retaliation in Maryland schools?


There are several state-level policies in place to protect the rights of immigrant students in Maryland schools:

1. The Maryland State Department of Education has issued guidelines for school districts on how to provide equal access and support for all students, regardless of their immigration status. This includes ensuring that all students have access to free public education and are not discriminated against based on their race, nationality, or immigration status.

2. The state also has a DREAM Act that allows undocumented students who meet certain criteria to pay in-state tuition rates at public colleges and universities.

3. In 2018, Maryland passed a law prohibiting local law enforcement agencies from entering into agreements with federal immigration authorities that would deputize officers as immigration agents.

4. The state has a non-discrimination policy, which prohibits discrimination, harassment, and bullying based on a student’s race, ethnicity, national origin, immigration status, or language proficiency.

5. Schools are required to provide interpretation and translation services for families who do not speak English in order to ensure effective communication with parents and guardians.

6. School districts cannot require proof of citizenship or immigration status for enrollment or participation in any school program.

7. In addition to these policies, the state has established a Commission on Civil Rights to investigate any complaints of discrimination or retaliation related to a student’s immigration status.

Overall, these policies work together to create a welcoming environment for immigrant students in Maryland schools and protect their rights to access education without fear of discrimination or retaliation.