1. What adult education opportunities are available for Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants in Connecticut?

In Connecticut, there are various adult education opportunities available for Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants. These options aim to provide essential skills and knowledge to help individuals succeed in the workforce and integrate into society. Some of the opportunities include:

1. English as a Second Language (ESL) programs: Many community colleges, adult education centers, and nonprofit organizations in Connecticut offer ESL classes specifically designed for immigrants. These classes help individuals improve their English language skills, which are crucial for communication in the workplace and daily life.

2. Workforce training programs: Several organizations provide workforce training programs that focus on developing job-specific skills and knowledge. These programs may include vocational training, certifications, and job placement assistance to help Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants secure employment in industries such as healthcare, manufacturing, and hospitality.

3. Career counseling and support services: Adult education centers in Connecticut often offer career counseling services to assist individuals in setting career goals, exploring job opportunities, and creating a career development plan. Additionally, they may provide support services such as resume writing workshops, interview preparation, and job search resources to help immigrants navigate the job market effectively.

Overall, Connecticut offers a range of adult education opportunities for Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants to enhance their skills, further their education, and access meaningful employment opportunities in the state.

2. How can Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants access English as a Second Language (ESL) classes in Connecticut?

Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants in Connecticut can access English as a Second Language (ESL) classes through various avenues, including:

1. Community Colleges and Adult Education Centers: Many community colleges and adult education centers in Connecticut offer ESL classes specifically designed for immigrants. These classes often cater to individuals of different proficiency levels and can provide a structured learning environment.

2. Nonprofit Organizations: There are numerous nonprofit organizations in Connecticut that provide ESL classes and other support services for immigrants. These organizations may offer free or low-cost ESL programs to help Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants improve their English skills.

3. Online Resources: In addition to traditional classroom settings, there are also online resources available for individuals looking to learn English. Websites and apps such as Duolingo, Rosetta Stone, and ESL-lab.com offer interactive tools and exercises to help with language acquisition.

4. Libraries and Community Centers: Many libraries and community centers in Connecticut host ESL conversation groups or tutoring sessions for immigrants looking to practice their English skills in a casual setting.

It is important for Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants to explore these different options and find the resources that best suit their needs and availability. Additionally, reaching out to local immigrant advocacy organizations or immigrant support networks can also be helpful in locating ESL classes and programs in Connecticut.

3. Are there programs specifically designed to help Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants gain workforce training in Connecticut?

In Connecticut, there are several programs specifically designed to assist Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants in gaining workforce training opportunities. Here are some examples of such programs:

1. The CT Works Centers: These centers are operated by the Connecticut Department of Labor and offer a range of services, including job search assistance, resume building, and skills training programs. They are open to all Connecticut residents, regardless of immigration status.

2. Nonprofit Organizations: There are several nonprofit organizations in Connecticut that provide workforce training programs specifically tailored to immigrants, including Green Card holders and undocumented individuals. These organizations often collaborate with local businesses to provide training in high-demand fields.

3. Community Colleges: Many community colleges in Connecticut offer programs and courses designed to help immigrants access workforce training opportunities. These programs may include English as a Second Language (ESL) courses, vocational training, and certification programs.

Overall, while there may not be specific programs exclusively for Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants in Connecticut, there are various resources and initiatives available that can help individuals in these groups access workforce training and educational opportunities to enhance their career prospects.

4. What resources are available in Connecticut to help Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants improve their job skills?

1. In Connecticut, Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants can access a variety of resources to improve their job skills. These resources include:

2. Adult Education programs: Adult education programs in community colleges, adult education centers, and community-based organizations offer English as a Second Language (ESL) classes, job training, and skill-building courses that can help individuals enhance their employability.

3. Workforce training programs: Various organizations in Connecticut provide workforce training programs aimed at helping individuals develop specific job skills in industries such as healthcare, manufacturing, and technology. These programs often offer certifications or credentials that can lead to better job opportunities.

4. Immigrant advocacy organizations: There are several immigrant advocacy organizations in Connecticut that offer support services, job placement assistance, and training programs tailored to the needs of Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants. These organizations can help individuals navigate employment barriers and connect them with resources for skill development.

5. Community centers and libraries: Many community centers and libraries offer free workshops, career counseling, resume writing assistance, and access to online resources that can assist individuals in improving their job skills and finding employment opportunities.

Overall, Connecticut provides a range of resources and opportunities for Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants to enhance their job skills and increase their chances of securing stable and fulfilling employment.

5. Are there any financial assistance options for Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants seeking adult education or workforce training in Connecticut?

Yes, there are financial assistance options available for Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants seeking adult education or workforce training in Connecticut. Here are some possible avenues they can explore:

1. Scholarships and Grants: Many organizations and institutions offer scholarships and grants specifically for immigrants to help cover the costs of adult education and workforce training programs.

2. Community-based Organizations: There are numerous community-based organizations in Connecticut that provide support services, including financial assistance, to immigrant communities. These organizations may offer scholarships, stipends, or other forms of aid to help with educational expenses.

3. Workforce Development Programs: Some workforce development programs in Connecticut receive funding specifically designated to support immigrants in gaining new skills and advancing their careers. These programs may offer financial assistance or tuition waivers for eligible participants.

4. Federal Financial Aid: While undocumented immigrants are not eligible for federal student aid, Green Card holders may qualify for federal financial aid options, such as grants or loans, to help finance their adult education or workforce training.

5. Employer Sponsorship: Some employers may be willing to sponsor their immigrant employees for adult education or workforce training programs as part of their professional development initiatives.

It is important for Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants to research and reach out to local organizations, educational institutions, and employers to inquire about financial assistance options that may be available to them.

6. How can Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants in Connecticut overcome language barriers when accessing education and training programs?

Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants in Connecticut can overcome language barriers when accessing education and training programs through various strategies:

1. ESL Classes: Enrolling in English as a Second Language (ESL) classes can help individuals improve their language skills and better navigate educational programs. Many community centers, schools, and nonprofit organizations offer free or low-cost ESL classes specifically tailored to adult learners.

2. Bilingual Support Services: Seek out programs and organizations that offer bilingual support services. Having access to materials and staff who speak the individual’s native language can make the learning process smoother and more accessible.

3. Language Exchange Programs: Participating in language exchange programs can provide opportunities for individuals to practice their language skills with native English speakers in a supportive environment.

4. Online Resources: Utilize online resources, such as language learning apps, websites, and virtual tutoring services, to supplement traditional education programs and practice language skills at their own pace.

5. Community Support Networks: Joining community support networks and groups can provide valuable opportunities to practice English in social settings, build connections, and access information about available education and training programs.

6. Advocacy and Legal Support: Seeking assistance from advocacy groups and legal support services that specialize in immigrant rights can help individuals navigate any legal or administrative barriers they may encounter while pursuing education and training opportunities.

7. Are there any specialized programs in Connecticut that offer career counseling and guidance for Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants?

Yes, there are specialized programs in Connecticut that offer career counseling and guidance specifically tailored to Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants. These programs recognize the unique challenges and barriers faced by this population in navigating the U.S. job market. Here are some examples of such programs:

1. The Connecticut Immigrant Rights Alliance (CIRA) provides career counseling and support services for undocumented immigrants, including resume building, job search assistance, and access to professional networks.

2. Integrated Refugee & Immigrant Services (IRIS) offers comprehensive workforce training programs for Green Card holders and refugees, helping them develop necessary job skills and connect them with employment opportunities.

3. The Connecticut Department of Labor’s American Job Centers have specialized services for immigrants, including Green Card holders and undocumented individuals, offering career counseling, job readiness workshops, and job placement assistance.

These programs play a crucial role in empowering Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants to pursue their career goals and navigate the complexities of the workforce in the United States.

8. What support services are available to assist Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants in balancing work, education, and family responsibilities?

1. For Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants seeking to balance work, education, and family responsibilities, there are various support services and resources available to help them navigate these challenges effectively. Some of these support services include:

2. ESL classes: Many community centers, adult education programs, and non-profit organizations offer free or low-cost ESL classes specifically tailored to the needs of immigrants. These classes can help individuals improve their English language skills, making it easier for them to communicate at work and school.

3. Workforce development programs: There are workforce training programs designed to help immigrants gain the skills and knowledge needed to pursue better job opportunities. These programs often include job readiness training, resume building workshops, and job placement assistance.

4. Family support programs: Some organizations provide family support services, such as childcare assistance, parenting workshops, and access to community resources for families. These programs can help immigrant parents balance their work and education responsibilities while ensuring their families are well taken care of.

5. Legal and immigration services: Immigrants can also benefit from legal and immigration services that provide assistance with navigating the complexities of the immigration system, understanding their rights, and accessing resources available to them.

6. Counseling and mental health services: Balancing work, education, and family responsibilities can be stressful, especially for immigrants facing additional challenges. Counseling and mental health services can provide much-needed support to help individuals cope with stress, anxiety, and other emotional challenges.

7. Community resources: Immigrant-friendly community organizations often provide a range of resources, such as food pantries, clothing banks, transportation assistance, and housing referrals, to help individuals meet their basic needs and alleviate some of the financial burdens associated with balancing work, education, and family responsibilities.

8. By utilizing these support services and resources, Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants can better manage their work, education, and family responsibilities, leading to improved outcomes and overall well-being.

9. Are there any restrictions on Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants participating in adult education and workforce training programs in Connecticut?

There are generally no specific restrictions for Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants to participate in adult education and workforce training programs in Connecticut. Both groups can usually enroll in various educational programs and training courses offered by schools, colleges, community organizations, and government agencies in the state. However, there are certain considerations to keep in mind:

1. Eligibility requirements may vary: Some programs may have specific eligibility criteria, such as age, prior education level, or language proficiency, which both Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants need to meet to enroll in the program.

2. Funding limitations: While many adult education and workforce training programs are open to all individuals, including Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants, certain programs may have restrictions based on funding sources or grant requirements.

3. Work authorization may be necessary: Some workforce training programs may require participants to have work authorization or a Social Security number to gain employment after completing the program.

4. Language barriers: Undocumented immigrants, in particular, may face challenges related to language barriers and limited access to certain types of programs that require legal residency status.

Overall, Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants in Connecticut can generally access adult education and workforce training opportunities, but it is important for individuals to research and inquire about specific program requirements and eligibility criteria before enrolling.

10. How can adult education and workforce training programs in Connecticut accommodate the unique needs and experiences of Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants?

To accommodate the unique needs and experiences of Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants in adult education and workforce training programs in Connecticut, the following strategies can be implemented:

1. Culturally Responsive Teaching: Design curriculum and instruction that reflects the cultural backgrounds and experiences of Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants. This can help create a more inclusive learning environment where students feel understood and valued.

2. Language Support: Provide English as a Second Language (ESL) classes and language support services to help non-native English speakers improve their language skills. This is crucial for enabling effective communication and integration into the workforce.

3. Legal Information and Support: Offer resources and workshops on immigration policies, rights, and opportunities available to Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants. This can help individuals navigate legal challenges and make informed decisions about their education and employment options.

4. Financial Assistance: Provide information on scholarships, grants, and financial aid opportunities that are accessible to immigrants, regardless of their immigration status. This can help alleviate financial barriers to education and training.

5. Partnerships with Community Organizations: Collaborate with community-based organizations that serve immigrants to better understand their needs and connect them to supportive services. This can help build a support network for immigrants as they pursue education and training opportunities.

By implementing these strategies and approaches, adult education and workforce training programs in Connecticut can create a more inclusive and supportive environment for Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants, ultimately helping them achieve their educational and career goals.

11. What options are available for Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants who are interested in pursuing higher education or specialized training programs in Connecticut?

1. For Green Card holders in Connecticut who are interested in pursuing higher education or specialized training programs, there are various options available to support their academic and career advancement. These individuals can explore community colleges, technical schools, and universities in the state that offer accredited programs in their areas of interest. Many institutions have specific resources and support services for immigrant students to assist with admissions, financial aid, and academic advising.

2. Undocumented immigrants in Connecticut face more challenges in accessing higher education and specialized training programs due to their legal status. However, there are some pathways available to support their educational pursuits. Several colleges and universities in the state have implemented policies and programs to support undocumented students, including providing scholarships, mentorship programs, and legal resources. Additionally, there are nonprofit organizations and advocacy groups in Connecticut that offer guidance and support to undocumented individuals seeking to further their education or skill development.

Overall, Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants in Connecticut can benefit from researching and connecting with educational institutions, community organizations, and advocacy groups that can provide them with the necessary support and resources to pursue their academic and career goals. By leveraging available opportunities and support systems, these individuals can access valuable education and training programs to enhance their skills and prospects in the workforce.

12. Are there partnerships between educational institutions and employers in Connecticut to provide job opportunities for Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants?

Yes, there are partnerships between educational institutions and employers in Connecticut that aim to provide job opportunities for Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants. These partnerships are crucial for creating pathways to employment for individuals in these communities who may face additional barriers due to their immigration status. Some examples of how these partnerships work include:

1. Internship Programs: Educational institutions collaborate with employers to offer internship programs that provide practical work experience for Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants. These opportunities can lead to full-time employment upon graduation.

2. Job Fairs and Workshops: Educational institutions often host job fairs and workshops in partnership with employers to connect individuals with job opportunities. These events may also provide resume building and interviewing skills workshops to help participants prepare for the workforce.

3. Customized Training Programs: In some cases, educational institutions work with employers to develop customized training programs that meet specific industry needs. This ensures that Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants are equipped with the skills and knowledge necessary to succeed in these roles.

Overall, these partnerships play a vital role in supporting the employment prospects of Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants in Connecticut by bridging the gap between education and the workforce.

13. How can Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants in Connecticut access information about available adult education and training programs?

Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants in Connecticut can access information about available adult education and training programs through the following means:

1. Contact local adult education centers: Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants can reach out to local adult education centers in Connecticut to inquire about programs available for them. These centers often offer English as a Second Language (ESL) classes, workforce training, and other educational opportunities.

2. Connect with community organizations: Many community organizations in Connecticut work with immigrant populations and can provide information on adult education and training programs tailored to Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants. These organizations may also offer support services and resources to assist individuals in accessing these programs.

3. Utilize online resources: Websites such as the Connecticut Department of Education or local community college websites may have information on adult education and training programs available to Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants in the state. Additionally, online directories and resource guides specific to immigrants may also provide valuable information on educational opportunities.

4. Attend information sessions or workshops: Some organizations and educational institutions host information sessions or workshops specifically aimed at informing immigrant populations about available adult education and training programs. Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants can attend these events to learn about the options available to them.

By utilizing these resources and actively seeking out information, Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants in Connecticut can access the adult education and training programs that can help them improve their skills and prospects in the workforce.

14. What role do community organizations play in supporting Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants with their educational and workforce training goals in Connecticut?

Community organizations in Connecticut play a crucial role in supporting Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants with their educational and workforce training goals in several ways:

1. Provide Access to Resources: Community organizations often serve as a bridge between immigrants and educational or workforce training opportunities by providing information about available programs, scholarships, and job training initiatives.

2. Language Support: Many Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants may face language barriers that limit their access to education and training opportunities. Community organizations offer language classes and support services to help individuals improve their communication skills and succeed in training programs.

3. Cultural Understanding: Community organizations that cater specifically to immigrants understand the unique cultural challenges and barriers that Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants face. They provide a supportive environment that takes into account cultural differences and helps individuals navigate the educational system effectively.

4. Advocacy and Legal Assistance: Community organizations often advocate for the rights of immigrants and provide legal assistance to help individuals understand their rights and options for pursuing education and training opportunities.

5. Support Networks: Building a sense of community and support is critical for immigrants navigating the educational and workforce training landscape. Community organizations create networks of support where individuals can connect with others facing similar challenges and receive encouragement and guidance.

Overall, community organizations play a vital role in empowering Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants in Connecticut to achieve their educational and workforce training goals, bridging the gap between available resources and the needs of this population.

15. Are there initiatives or policies in place in Connecticut that aim to improve access to adult education and workforce training for Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants?

Yes, in Connecticut, there are initiatives and policies in place that aim to improve access to adult education and workforce training for Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants. Some of these initiatives include:

1. The Connecticut Department of Education offers adult education programs that provide English as a Second Language (ESL) classes for Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants to improve their language skills.

2. Nonprofit organizations and community colleges in Connecticut often offer workforce training programs specifically designed for immigrants, including Green Card holders and undocumented individuals, to help them gain skills and certifications for employment opportunities in high-demand fields.

3. The state government has initiatives to provide financial aid or scholarships for adult education and workforce training programs to make them more accessible to immigrants who may face financial barriers.

Overall, these initiatives aim to support the integration and economic mobility of Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants in Connecticut by offering them education and training opportunities to improve their prospects in the workforce.

16. How are the needs of Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants taken into consideration when developing adult education and workforce training programs in Connecticut?

When developing adult education and workforce training programs in Connecticut, it is essential to consider the specific needs of Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants to ensure inclusivity and effectiveness.

1. Language Support: Many Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants may have limited English proficiency, so providing English as a Second Language (ESL) classes tailored to their proficiency levels is crucial for effective communication and learning within the programs.

2. Legal Support: It is important to incorporate legal information sessions into the programs to educate participants about their rights, responsibilities, and avenues for obtaining legal status or work authorization.

3. Culturally Responsive Programming: Incorporating culturally relevant content and teaching approaches that resonate with the diverse backgrounds of Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants can enhance engagement and learning outcomes.

4. Financial Assistance: Given that many immigrants face financial constraints, offering financial aid or scholarship opportunities can help alleviate barriers to accessing adult education and workforce training programs.

5. Access to Job Opportunities: Connecting participants with employers who are open to hiring immigrants and providing support with job placement services can help Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants transition into the workforce successfully.

In summary, by addressing language barriers, legal concerns, cultural sensitivity, financial obstacles, and employment opportunities, adult education and workforce training programs in Connecticut can better serve the needs of Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants.

17. Are there any language proficiency requirements for Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants to participate in adult education and workforce training programs in Connecticut?

Yes, there may be language proficiency requirements for Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants to participate in adult education and workforce training programs in Connecticut. These requirements would typically vary based on the specific program or institution offering the training. Here are some important points to consider regarding language proficiency requirements:

1. ESL Programs: Many adult education and workforce training programs offer English as a Second Language (ESL) courses to help individuals improve their English language skills. Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants who are not fluent in English may be required to demonstrate a certain level of English proficiency or to participate in ESL classes as a prerequisite for enrolling in other training programs.

2. Assessments: Some programs may require participants to undergo language proficiency assessments to determine their current skill levels. These assessments help educators tailor instruction to meet the needs of learners at different language proficiency levels.

3. Support Services: To ensure that all individuals have access to educational opportunities, some programs may offer additional language support services such as bilingual instructors, interpreters, or translation services.

4. Exceptions: It’s important to note that some programs may offer training opportunities specifically designed for individuals with limited English proficiency, recognizing the diverse linguistic backgrounds of participants in the adult education and workforce training programs.

Given the importance of language proficiency in accessing education and employment opportunities, individuals interested in participating in adult education and workforce training programs in Connecticut should inquire about any language proficiency requirements and available support services.

18. What are some of the success stories or testimonials from Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants who have benefited from adult education and workforce training programs in Connecticut?

In Connecticut, there have been numerous success stories and testimonials from Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants who have greatly benefited from adult education and workforce training programs. Some of these success stories include:

1. Maria, an undocumented immigrant, was able to secure a better job in the healthcare industry after completing a certified nursing assistant program through adult education. This program not only helped her gain the necessary skills but also provided her with the confidence to pursue her career goals.

2. Juan, a Green Card holder, participated in a workforce training program focused on renewable energy technologies. After completing the program, he was able to find a job in a solar energy company, enabling him to not only support his family but also contribute to the green energy sector.

3. Sofia, a Green Card holder with limited English proficiency, attended ESL classes offered through adult education. With improved language skills, she was able to confidently communicate with colleagues and supervisors at her workplace, leading to a promotion and increased responsibilities.

These success stories highlight the transformative impact of adult education and workforce training programs on the lives and careers of Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants in Connecticut. By gaining valuable skills, knowledge, and confidence, individuals are empowered to pursue better employment opportunities, enhance their economic prospects, and contribute meaningfully to their communities.

19. How do adult education and workforce training programs in Connecticut address the specific challenges faced by Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants in the job market?

Adult education and workforce training programs in Connecticut play a vital role in addressing the unique challenges faced by Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants in the job market. Here are some ways in which these programs cater to their specific needs:

1. Cultural Sensitivity: Programs are designed to be culturally sensitive and inclusive, recognizing the diverse backgrounds and experiences of Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants.

2. Language Support: ESL (English as a Second Language) classes are often integrated into adult education programs to help individuals improve their English proficiency, which is crucial for accessing job opportunities.

3. Legal Guidance: Workforce training programs may provide information and resources on navigating legal restrictions and rights pertaining to employment for Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants.

4. Skill Development: These programs offer training in specific skills that are in demand in the job market, equipping individuals with the tools they need to secure employment and advance in their careers.

5. Career Counseling: Career guidance services are often incorporated to assist participants in identifying their strengths, setting career goals, and accessing job opportunities that align with their interests and qualifications.

6. Networking Opportunities: Programs may facilitate networking events and connections with employers to help participants build professional relationships and explore job prospects within their chosen fields.

Overall, adult education and workforce training programs in Connecticut are tailored to meet the unique needs of Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants, providing them with the support, resources, and skills necessary to succeed in the competitive job market.

20. Are there any ongoing research or evaluations examining the impact of adult education and workforce training programs on the lives and livelihoods of Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants in Connecticut?

As of the latest available information, there are ongoing efforts to evaluate the impact of adult education and workforce training programs on the lives of Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants in Connecticut. These evaluations typically focus on assessing the effectiveness of such programs in enhancing individuals’ employability, increasing their earning potential, and promoting their overall integration into the workforce and society.

1. One notable ongoing research initiative in Connecticut is a longitudinal study tracking the educational and employment outcomes of Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants who have participated in adult education and workforce training programs in the state.
2. The evaluation aims to measure the program’s impact on participants’ job placement rates, wage increases, skill development, and career advancement opportunities.
3. Additionally, researchers are exploring the socio-economic benefits that accrue to individuals who engage in these educational and training initiatives, such as improved financial stability, greater access to higher-paying jobs, and enhanced social mobility among immigrant populations in Connecticut.

Overall, ongoing research and evaluations play a crucial role in informing policy decisions, shaping programmatic interventions, and enhancing the effectiveness of adult education and workforce training initiatives for Green Card holders and undocumented immigrants in Connecticut. It is essential to continue monitoring and assessing the long-term impact of these programs to ensure that they remain responsive to the evolving needs and aspirations of immigrant communities in the state.