1. What are the regulations surrounding the production and sale of alcohol and tobacco in Nepal?

In Nepal, the production and sale of alcohol and tobacco are regulated by the government to ensure compliance with specific laws and guidelines. Here are some key regulations surrounding alcohol and tobacco in Nepal:

1. Licensing: In Nepal, individuals or businesses looking to manufacture, distribute, or sell alcohol or tobacco products must apply for the relevant licenses from the Department of Customs and the Ministry of Industry, Commerce, and Supplies. These licenses are necessary to ensure that businesses operate legally and follow specific guidelines.

2. Minimum legal drinking and smoking age: The legal drinking age in Nepal is 21 years, while the legal smoking age is also 21 years for tobacco products. This regulation aims to prevent underage individuals from accessing and consuming these products.

3. Advertising restrictions: Nepal has strict regulations regarding the advertising of alcohol and tobacco products. Advertising tobacco products is prohibited in Nepal, and alcohol advertising is heavily regulated to prevent targeting minors and misleading consumers.

4. Health warnings: All tobacco products sold in Nepal must display health warnings covering 75% of the packaging to inform consumers about the potential health risks associated with smoking. This regulation aims to raise awareness about the dangers of tobacco consumption and encourage individuals to make informed choices.

5. Taxation: The government imposes specific taxes on alcohol and tobacco products to discourage excessive consumption and generate revenue. These taxes also help regulate the pricing of these products and reduce the overall demand.

Overall, the regulations surrounding the production and sale of alcohol and tobacco in Nepal are designed to protect public health, prevent underage consumption, and regulate the industry effectively. Compliance with these regulations is crucial for businesses operating in the alcohol and tobacco sectors to avoid legal repercussions and contribute to a responsible industry.

2. How is alcohol consumption viewed culturally in Nepal?

1. Alcohol consumption is a deep-rooted cultural practice in Nepal, where it plays significant social, religious, and traditional roles. Historically, Nepal has a long history of brewing traditional alcoholic beverages, such as rice-based raksi and chhyang. These beverages are an integral part of various cultural ceremonies, rituals, and festivals celebrated throughout the country.

2. In Nepal, alcohol consumption is often intertwined with socialization and bonding among friends and family members. It is commonly consumed during festivals, weddings, and other celebrations as a symbol of joy and togetherness. Additionally, alcohol is sometimes offered to deities as a form of worship or as part of religious rituals in Hindu and Buddhist traditions.

3. Despite the cultural acceptance of alcohol consumption, there are certain societal taboos and restrictions associated with excessive drinking, particularly among certain conservative communities. In recent years, there has been a growing awareness of the health risks and social problems associated with heavy drinking, leading to an increased focus on responsible alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm prevention initiatives in Nepal.

3. What are the health effects of heavy alcohol consumption in Nepal?

Heavy alcohol consumption in Nepal can have severe health effects on individuals. Some of the notable consequences include:

1. Liver damage: Excessive alcohol intake can lead to liver diseases such as fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis. These conditions can be irreversible and significantly impact a person’s health and quality of life.

2. Increased risk of cancer: Heavy drinking is associated with an increased risk of various types of cancer, including liver, mouth, throat, esophagus, and breast cancer. The carcinogenic properties of alcohol can contribute to the development of these malignancies.

3. Cardiovascular problems: Chronic alcohol abuse can elevate blood pressure, increase the risk of heart disease, and lead to conditions like cardiomyopathy, a weakening of the heart muscle. These issues can have serious implications for one’s overall cardiovascular health.

4. Mental health disorders: Heavy alcohol consumption is linked to mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. Individuals who abuse alcohol are more likely to experience mood disturbances and cognitive decline over time.

5. Risk of accidents and injuries: Heavy drinking impairs judgment, coordination, and reaction times, increasing the likelihood of accidents, injuries, and fatalities. Alcohol-related accidents, such as road traffic accidents, falls, and drownings, represent a significant public health concern in Nepal.

In conclusion, heavy alcohol consumption in Nepal can have detrimental effects on both physical and mental health. It is essential for individuals to be aware of these risks and seek support if they or someone they know is struggling with alcohol abuse. Access to education, prevention programs, and healthcare services are crucial in addressing the harmful impact of excessive alcohol consumption on public health.

4. How prevalent is tobacco use in Nepal, and what are the associated health risks?

Tobacco use in Nepal is relatively prevalent, with approximately 25% of the population aged 15 and above being current tobacco users. This includes both smoking and smokeless tobacco products. The smoking prevalence is higher among males compared to females, with 37% of men being smokers compared to 14% of women. Smokeless tobacco products such as khaini and khara are also commonly used in Nepal, particularly among women.

The health risks associated with tobacco use in Nepal are profound. Smoking tobacco increases the risk of respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. Smokeless tobacco use is linked to a higher risk of oral cancer, gum disease, and other oral health issues. Additionally, tobacco use is a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and diabetes.

The government of Nepal has taken steps to curb tobacco use, such as implementing health warnings on tobacco products, banning tobacco advertising, and implementing smoke-free policies in public places. However, more efforts are needed to further reduce tobacco use and its associated health risks in the country.

5. Are there specific laws regulating the advertising of alcohol and tobacco products in Nepal?

1. Yes, there are specific laws regulating the advertising of alcohol and tobacco products in Nepal. The advertisement of tobacco products is strictly prohibited in Nepal under the Tobacco Product Control and Regulatory Act, 2011. This legislation bans all forms of tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship. Additionally, the law requires that health warnings cover a significant portion of tobacco product packaging to discourage consumption.

2. Similarly, the advertising of alcoholic beverages is also regulated in Nepal. The Alcoholic Beverage Control Act, 1978 restricts the promotion of alcohol through various mediums. The law prohibits alcohol advertisements that target minors, encourage excessive drinking, or associate alcohol with driving or other risky behaviors. Furthermore, advertisements for alcohol must include health warnings and messages promoting responsible drinking.

3. Both the laws governing the advertising of alcohol and tobacco products aim to protect public health by minimizing the exposure of these harmful substances to the population, particularly youth. Violations of these advertising regulations can result in hefty fines or other penalties for the companies involved.

4. In Nepal, enforcement of these advertising laws is taken seriously, and authorities actively monitor and penalize any violations. Companies that produce and market tobacco and alcohol products must comply with these regulations to avoid legal consequences and protect public health.

5. Overall, the specific laws regulating the advertising of alcohol and tobacco products in Nepal demonstrate the government’s commitment to reducing the harmful effects of these substances on society. By implementing strict regulations on advertising, Nepal aims to control consumption levels and promote healthier behaviors among its citizens.

6. What are the most commonly consumed alcoholic beverages in Nepal?

The most commonly consumed alcoholic beverages in Nepal are:

1. Chyang: This is a traditional Nepali rice beer that is popular among the indigenous communities in Nepal. Chyang is brewed at home and consumed during festivals and special occasions.

2. Raksi: Raksi is a traditional Nepali distilled alcohol made from fermented grains such as rice, millet, or corn. It is a strong spirit that is commonly consumed in rural areas of Nepal.

3. Tongba: Tongba is a traditional Sherpa beverage made from fermented millet. It is a warm alcoholic drink that is popular in the mountainous regions of Nepal, especially among trekkers and climbers.

4. Beer: Beer is also a popular alcoholic beverage in Nepal, with local brands such as Gorkha Beer and Everest Beer being widely consumed. Imported beers from countries like India and Thailand are also popular among locals and tourists.

5. Whiskey and rum: Imported spirits like whiskey and rum are also consumed in Nepal, especially in urban areas and tourist hubs. Brands like Royal Stag, Old Durbar, and Khukri Rum are some of the popular choices among Nepali consumers.

Overall, traditional Nepali drinks like chyang, raksi, and tongba continue to be the most commonly consumed alcoholic beverages in Nepal, reflecting the country’s rich cultural heritage and traditions in alcohol consumption.

7. How does the government regulate the taxation of alcohol and tobacco in Nepal?

In Nepal, the government regulates the taxation of alcohol and tobacco through the implementation of specific tax policies and tax rates. These taxes are imposed to not only generate revenue for the government but also to discourage excessive consumption of these products due to their negative health impacts. Here is an outline of how taxation is regulated for alcohol and tobacco in Nepal:

1. Tax Rates: The government sets specific tax rates for alcohol and tobacco products based on the type and strength of the products. Different tax rates may apply to various categories such as beer, wine, spirits, and different types of tobacco products like cigarettes and smokeless tobacco.

2. Excise Duty: Both alcohol and tobacco products are subject to excise duty, which is an indirect tax levied on the production or sale of certain goods. This duty contributes significantly to the overall taxation of these products.

3. Special Taxes: In addition to excise duty, the government may also impose special taxes or surcharges on alcohol and tobacco products. These additional taxes help to further discourage consumption and contribute to government revenue.

4. VAT: Value-added tax (VAT) is also applicable on the sale of alcohol and tobacco products in Nepal. This tax is calculated based on the value added at each stage of the supply chain and is included in the final price paid by consumers.

5. Regulatory Measures: The government may also impose specific regulations on the production, distribution, and sale of alcohol and tobacco products to control their availability and consumption. This includes restrictions on advertising, packaging requirements, and age limits for purchasing these products.

Overall, the government of Nepal takes a comprehensive approach to regulate the taxation of alcohol and tobacco products, aiming to strike a balance between revenue generation, public health considerations, and regulatory control.

8. Are there any specific programs or initiatives in Nepal aimed at reducing alcohol and tobacco consumption?

Yes, there are specific programs and initiatives in Nepal aimed at reducing alcohol and tobacco consumption.

1. The Government of Nepal has implemented various policies and strategies to address the issue of alcohol and tobacco consumption. This includes the enactment of the Tobacco Product (Control and Regulatory) Act, which regulates the production, sale, and distribution of tobacco products in the country.

2. To reduce alcohol consumption, Nepal has also introduced the Alcoholic Drinks (Control) Act, which imposes restrictions on the sale and advertisement of alcoholic beverages. Additionally, the government has increased taxes on alcohol and tobacco products to make them less affordable and deter consumption.

3. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and health agencies in Nepal are also actively involved in raising awareness about the harmful effects of alcohol and tobacco consumption. They conduct educational campaigns, awareness programs, and provide support for those looking to quit or reduce their consumption.

4. Furthermore, there are community-based initiatives and programs that focus on promoting healthier lifestyle choices and providing resources for individuals struggling with alcohol and tobacco addiction. These programs often involve counseling, peer support, and access to treatment facilities.

Overall, Nepal has taken a multi-faceted approach to reducing alcohol and tobacco consumption through policy measures, public awareness campaigns, and support services for individuals looking to make positive changes to their habits.

9. How does alcohol and tobacco consumption in Nepal compare to other countries in the region?

Alcohol and tobacco consumption in Nepal generally falls in the middle range compared to other countries in the region. Here are some key points to consider when comparing Nepal to its neighbors:

1. Alcohol Consumption: Nepal has a relatively moderate level of alcohol consumption compared to countries like India and Bhutan, where alcohol intake is more prevalent. However, when compared to countries like Bangladesh and Pakistan, Nepal’s alcohol consumption is typically higher.

2. Tobacco Consumption: Nepal has a higher rates of tobacco consumption compared to many countries in the region. Smoking is a common habit among Nepali men and women, with a significant portion of the population using tobacco products.

3. Regulations and Policies: Nepal has been actively implementing various regulations and policies to control alcohol and tobacco consumption. The country has imposed restrictions on alcohol sales and advertisements, as well as implemented health warnings on tobacco products.

4. Cultural Factors: Cultural norms and traditions play a significant role in shaping alcohol and tobacco consumption patterns in Nepal. While both substances are widely accepted in certain social settings, there is a growing awareness about the health risks associated with their use.

Overall, alcohol and tobacco consumption in Nepal is influenced by a combination of factors including cultural practices, regulatory policies, and socio-economic conditions. Comparatively, Nepal’s consumption levels may not be the highest in the region, but efforts are being made to address public health concerns related to alcohol and tobacco use.

10. What is the legal drinking age in Nepal?

The legal drinking age in Nepal is 21 years old. This means that individuals must be at least 21 years of age in order to purchase, possess, or consume alcoholic beverages in the country. It is important for both locals and tourists to adhere to this law to avoid any legal consequences or penalties. Additionally, establishments selling alcohol are also required to verify the age of their customers to ensure compliance with the legal drinking age. It is crucial to be aware of and respect the laws regarding alcohol consumption in Nepal to maintain safety and order in society.

11. What are the social implications of alcohol and tobacco use in Nepal?

Alcohol and tobacco use in Nepal have several social implications that impact individuals and the society as a whole.

1. Health Effects: Excessive alcohol consumption and tobacco use are major contributors to various health problems such as liver disease, lung cancer, heart disease, and other serious illnesses. This leads to higher healthcare costs and reduced quality of life for individuals and their families.

2. Economic Burden: The use of alcohol and tobacco places a significant economic burden on society due to increased healthcare costs, loss of productivity, and premature deaths. This can hinder economic development and strain public resources.

3. Social Norms: In Nepal, both alcohol and tobacco are commonly used in social gatherings and celebrations. While this may foster social connections, it can also lead to normalization of their use, especially among young people, impacting their health and well-being in the long run.

4. Gender Disparities: There is a gender dimension to alcohol and tobacco use in Nepal, with men being more likely to engage in heavy drinking and smoking compared to women. This can contribute to social inequalities and gender-based violence.

5. Cultural Practices: Some cultural traditions in Nepal involve the consumption of alcohol or tobacco as a sign of hospitality or religious rituals. While these practices may have historical significance, they can also perpetuate harmful behaviors and attitudes towards substance use.

Overall, addressing the social implications of alcohol and tobacco use in Nepal requires a comprehensive approach that involves education, regulation, and community involvement to promote healthier behaviors and reduce the negative impact on individuals and society.

12. Are there any specific regulations regarding the packaging and labeling of alcohol and tobacco products in Nepal?

Yes, there are specific regulations in Nepal regarding the packaging and labeling of alcohol and tobacco products. These regulations are aimed at ensuring public health and safety by providing consumers with necessary information about the products they are purchasing.

1. Alcohol: In Nepal, alcohol packaging and labeling regulations are governed by the Liquor Regulations. The regulations require all alcoholic beverages to be labeled with key information including the name of the product, alcohol content, ingredients used, producer’s details, and health warnings about the risks associated with alcohol consumption. Additionally, labeling must adhere to specific size requirements and language standards set by the regulatory authorities.

2. Tobacco: The packaging and labeling of tobacco products in Nepal are regulated under the Tobacco Product Control and Regulatory Act. Tobacco packages must carry prominent and graphic health warnings covering at least 75% of the display area on both the front and back of the packaging. The warnings include messages about the health risks associated with tobacco use to educate and discourage consumers. Additionally, tobacco products must display information on nicotine content, harmful constituents, and details about the manufacturer.

Overall, these regulations play a crucial role in informing consumers about the potential risks of consuming alcohol and tobacco and help in regulating the marketing and sale of these products in Nepal. Failure to comply with these packaging and labeling requirements can result in legal consequences for manufacturers and sellers.

13. How accessible are alcohol and tobacco products in Nepal?

Alcohol and tobacco products are quite accessible in Nepal, with a considerable number of shops, markets, and outlets selling these products across the country. Here are some factors that contribute to the accessibility of alcohol and tobacco products in Nepal:

1. Legal Regulations: Nepal has regulations in place regarding the sale and distribution of alcohol and tobacco products. However, enforcement of these regulations can vary, leading to the products being more accessible in certain regions.

2. Cultural Factors: Alcohol consumption is a part of various cultural and social traditions in Nepal, which can contribute to its accessibility. Similarly, tobacco use is also prevalent in many communities, further increasing the availability of these products.

3. Marketing Strategies: Tobacco and alcohol companies often use aggressive marketing strategies to promote their products, which can make them more visible and accessible to the general public.

4. Pricing: The affordability of alcohol and tobacco products in Nepal also plays a role in their accessibility. Lower pricing can make these products more appealing and easier to purchase for a wider range of consumers.

Overall, the accessibility of alcohol and tobacco products in Nepal is influenced by a combination of regulatory, cultural, marketing, and economic factors. Efforts to regulate the availability of these products, as well as promoting awareness of their harmful effects, can help in reducing their accessibility and consumption levels in the country.

14. Are there any restrictions on where alcohol and tobacco products can be sold or consumed in Nepal?

In Nepal, there are regulations and restrictions in place regarding the sale and consumption of alcohol and tobacco products. Some of the key restrictions include:

1. Sale Restrictions: Alcohol and tobacco products cannot be sold to individuals under the legal age limit, which is 18 years old for tobacco products and 21 years old for alcohol in Nepal.

2. Designated Areas: There are specific areas where alcohol and tobacco products can be sold and consumed. For example, alcohol cannot be sold near educational institutions, religious places, hospitals, and government offices.

3. Licensing: Businesses selling alcohol and tobacco products need to obtain specific licenses and permits from the authorities to operate legally. These licenses often come with regulations regarding where these products can be displayed and sold within the establishments.

4. Bans in Public Places: In recent years, Nepal has implemented bans on smoking in public places, including restaurants, bars, and offices. These regulations aim to protect non-smokers from the harmful effects of second-hand smoke.

5. Advertising Restrictions: There are strict regulations on the advertisement of alcohol and tobacco products in Nepal. Advertising targeting minors or portraying these products in a glamorous light is prohibited.

Overall, the government of Nepal has taken significant steps to regulate the sale and consumption of alcohol and tobacco products to protect public health and safety. These restrictions are crucial in promoting responsible consumption and reducing the negative impact of excessive alcohol and tobacco use in the country.

15. What efforts are being made to regulate the sale of counterfeit alcohol and tobacco products in Nepal?

Efforts are being made in Nepal to regulate the sale of counterfeit alcohol and tobacco products through various means.

1. Strengthening Enforcement: One of the primary strategies is to enhance enforcement measures to crack down on the production, distribution, and sale of counterfeit products. This involves conducting regular inspections of markets, shops, and other sales points to identify and confiscate fake products.

2. Public Awareness Campaigns: The government, in collaboration with NGOs and other stakeholders, is running public awareness campaigns to educate consumers about the risks associated with consuming counterfeit alcohol and tobacco. This is aimed at discouraging people from purchasing these products and helping them identify genuine items.

3. Collaboration with International Agencies: Nepal is working closely with international agencies such as Interpol and the World Health Organization to seek assistance in curbing the illegal trade of counterfeit alcohol and tobacco products. This cooperation includes sharing information, best practices, and intelligence to strengthen enforcement efforts.

4. Implementation of Stricter Regulations: The government is also considering implementing stricter regulations and penalties for those involved in the production and sale of counterfeit goods. This includes imposing heavy fines, revoking licenses, and even criminal prosecution for offenders.

By taking a multi-faceted approach that includes enforcement, awareness campaigns, international collaboration, and stricter regulations, Nepal is working towards effectively regulating the sale of counterfeit alcohol and tobacco products in the country.

16. How do religious beliefs and practices in Nepal intersect with alcohol and tobacco consumption?

In Nepal, religious beliefs and practices intersect with alcohol and tobacco consumption in diverse ways, reflecting the country’s rich cultural heritage and spiritual traditions. Here are some key points to consider:

1. Cultural Celebrations: Alcohol has been traditionally consumed during religious and cultural celebrations in Nepal, such as weddings, festivals, and rituals. In many communities, offerings of alcohol are made to deities as a sign of respect and devotion.

2. Taboos and Restrictions: While alcohol consumption is common in certain rituals, there are also religious taboos and restrictions regarding its use. For example, some Hindu scriptures prohibit the consumption of alcohol as it is considered impure and detrimental to spiritual growth.

3. Tobacco Use in Rituals: Tobacco is also used in religious rituals in Nepal, especially in traditional shamanic practices where it is believed to have protective and healing properties. Tobacco is often offered to spirits and deities as a form of communication and appeasement.

4. Influence of Buddhism: In predominantly Buddhist regions of Nepal, such as the Kathmandu Valley, tobacco and alcohol consumption may be less prevalent due to the teachings of non-attachment and mindfulness. However, even in Buddhist communities, alcohol and tobacco may still be used in certain cultural practices.

Overall, the intersection of religious beliefs and practices with alcohol and tobacco consumption in Nepal is complex and multifaceted, reflecting the country’s diverse cultural landscape and the influence of both Hinduism and Buddhism. It is important to recognize and respect these cultural traditions while also considering public health implications and advocating for responsible consumption practices.

17. Are there any specific health campaigns focused on educating the public about the risks of alcohol and tobacco in Nepal?

Yes, Nepal has implemented various health campaigns focused on educating the public about the risks of alcohol and tobacco. Here are some specific examples:

1. Tobacco Free Nepal”: This campaign aims to raise awareness about the harmful effects of tobacco use and promote a smoke-free environment across the country. It includes educational initiatives, public service announcements, and community events to discourage tobacco consumption.

2. Alcohol Harm Reduction Campaign”: This campaign focuses on informing the public about the dangers of alcohol abuse and the importance of responsible drinking. It provides resources and support for individuals struggling with alcohol addiction and promotes healthier lifestyle choices.

3. National Alcohol Policy”: Nepal has also developed a comprehensive National Alcohol Policy that outlines strategies for reducing alcohol-related harm, including awareness-raising activities, stricter regulations on alcohol sales and advertising, and support for those seeking treatment for alcohol dependence.

Overall, these health campaigns play a crucial role in educating the public about the risks associated with alcohol and tobacco, encouraging healthier behaviors, and ultimately reducing the burden of substance abuse on individuals and society as a whole.

18. How do socioeconomic factors influence alcohol and tobacco use in Nepal?

Socioeconomic factors play a crucial role in shaping patterns of alcohol and tobacco use in Nepal as they do in many other countries. Here, I will outline some key ways in which socioeconomic factors influence alcohol and tobacco use in Nepal:

1. Income: Individuals with higher disposable incomes are more likely to afford alcohol and tobacco products, leading to increased consumption among wealthier segments of society.

2. Education: Higher levels of education are often associated with lower rates of alcohol and tobacco use due to greater awareness of the health risks and access to resources for healthier lifestyles.

3. Occupation: Certain occupations, such as those in industries with high stress levels or social events, may be associated with higher rates of alcohol and tobacco use as coping mechanisms or for socializing.

4. Urban vs. rural residence: Urban areas in Nepal tend to have greater access to alcohol and tobacco products, leading to higher rates of consumption compared to rural areas where access may be more limited.

5. Social norms: Socioeconomic factors can influence social norms around alcohol and tobacco use, with cultural attitudes and practices often shaping patterns of consumption within different income groups.

Overall, understanding the intersection of socioeconomic factors with alcohol and tobacco use in Nepal is essential for developing targeted interventions and policies to address public health concerns related to substance abuse in the country.

19. What role do traditional practices play in the consumption of alcohol and tobacco in Nepal?

Traditional practices play a significant role in the consumption of alcohol and tobacco in Nepal. These traditional practices are deeply rooted in the cultural and social fabric of Nepalese society and often play a ceremonial or ritualistic role in various aspects of life. In the context of alcohol consumption, traditional practices such as offering homemade alcohol during religious ceremonies, weddings, and festivals are prevalent in Nepalese culture. These practices not only serve as a way to celebrate and socialize but also hold symbolic and spiritual significance.

Similarly, tobacco consumption is also intertwined with traditional practices in Nepal. Tobacco is commonly used in religious rituals, as well as in social gatherings and ceremonies. It is often offered as a sign of hospitality and respect to guests. Additionally, the use of tobacco in various traditional forms, such as smoking through a hookah or chewing tobacco leaves, is still prevalent in many communities in Nepal.

Overall, traditional practices continue to influence the consumption patterns of alcohol and tobacco in Nepal, providing a cultural and social context for these substances. It is important to consider these traditional practices when addressing alcohol and tobacco consumption in the country, as they play a significant role in shaping attitudes and behaviors towards these substances.

20. What are the current trends in alcohol and tobacco consumption among young people in Nepal?

1. In Nepal, there are notable trends in alcohol and tobacco consumption among young people. Firstly, there has been an increase in alcohol consumption among the youth, particularly in urban areas, driven by factors such as changing lifestyles, peer pressure, and increasing disposable income. This trend is concerning as excessive alcohol consumption can have various negative health and social consequences.

2. Additionally, the prevalence of tobacco use among young people in Nepal remains a significant issue. Despite various regulations and awareness campaigns, smoking continues to be popular among adolescents, with smoking prevalence rates remaining relatively high among this demographic group. Factors such as cigarette marketing strategies, stress, and easy availability contribute to the continued uptake of smoking among Nepalese youth.

3. In response to these trends, public health authorities and organizations in Nepal are implementing various strategies to curb alcohol and tobacco consumption among young people. These efforts include stricter enforcement of age restrictions on alcohol and tobacco sales, increasing awareness about the health risks associated with their consumption, and promoting healthier lifestyle choices through educational campaigns and community programs. However, tackling these complex issues requires sustained efforts from multiple stakeholders to effectively reduce alcohol and tobacco use among the youth in Nepal.