1. What are the most common scams targeting tourists in Austria?

1. Fake merchandise or tours: Tourists may be approached by street vendors selling fake designer goods or cheap tours, often at inflated prices.

2. Pickpocketing: Like in any major tourist destination, pickpocketing is a common scam in Austria. Thieves may work alone or in groups to distract tourists and steal their belongings.

3. Overcharging at restaurants: Some restaurants may try to overcharge tourists, especially if they are not familiar with local prices. Be sure to check the menu for prices before ordering and ask for a receipt.

4. Ticket scams: Tourists may encounter individuals selling counterfeit tickets to popular attractions or events. It’s best to purchase tickets directly from the official website or ticket office.

5. Street performers and beggars: While some are genuine artists or those in need of help, there have been reports of fake performers and beggars using props or fake injuries to deceive tourists into giving them money.

6. Taxi scams: Taxi drivers may take a longer route or manipulate the meter to overcharge tourists. Always make sure the driver turns on the meter and agree on a price beforehand if possible.

7. ATM skimming: Criminals may place card skimmers on ATMs to steal credit card information from unsuspecting tourists. Use ATMs located inside banks or reputable establishments rather than standalone ones on the street.

8. “Found” items scam: A stranger may approach a tourist claiming to have found an expensive item such as a phone or wallet, but will demand payment for returning it.

9. Timeshare scams: Tourists may be approached by individuals offering free gifts or discounted accommodations for attending a timeshare presentation, but these offers often come with hidden fees and high-pressure sales tactics.

10. Fake police officers: Scammers posing as police officers may stop tourists on the street and ask for identification documents while stealing their belongings under the pretense of checking them for counterfeits. Always ask for a badge or call the police station to verify their identity.

2. How can travelers avoid falling victim to pickpocketing in Austria?

1. Be aware of your surroundings: Pickpockets often target crowded areas such as train stations, markets, and tourist attractions. Stay alert and pay attention to those around you.

2. Keep your valuables out of sight: Do not keep valuable items in your back pocket or loose in your bag. Instead, use a money belt or secure pockets with zippers.

3. Avoid carrying large amounts of cash: Use credit cards or withdraw small amounts of cash at a time from ATMs if needed.

4. Use a cross-body bag: This type of bag is more difficult for pickpockets to access compared to shoulder bags or backpacks.

5. Keep important documents safe: Make copies of important documents such as your passport, ID, and travel documents and keep them separate from the originals in case they get stolen.

6. Be cautious around distractions: Pickpockets may try to create a distraction by asking for directions, selling items or performing tricks – be wary of these situations.

7. Don’t leave bags unattended: Never leave your bags or belongings unattended, even for a short time.

8. Avoid carrying expensive items: Try not to wear expensive jewelry or flashy accessories that may attract attention from pickpockets.

9. Stay away from suspicious individuals: If someone makes you feel uncomfortable or is behaving suspiciously, trust your instincts and move away from them.

10. Report any incidents immediately: In the unfortunate event that you do become a victim of pickpocketing, report it to the police immediately and cancel any credit cards that may have been stolen.

3. Are there any prevalent dangers or scams associated with using public transportation in Austria?

There are generally no prevalent dangers or scams associated with using public transportation in Austria. However, as with any country, travelers should always remain vigilant and aware of their surroundings while using public transportation. Some travelers have reported instances of pickpocketing on crowded trains or buses, so it is important to keep valuables secure and be alert in these situations. It is also recommended to only use official ticket vendors and avoid purchasing tickets from street vendors or unofficial sources.

4. Is it safe to use ATM machines in Austria, or should I be concerned about skimming devices?

It is generally safe to use ATM machines in Austria. However, as with any country, it is important to take precautions to protect yourself from skimming devices.

Here are some tips for using ATM machines in Austria:

1. Choose ATMs that are located inside a bank branch or in busy public areas. These machines are less likely to be tampered with.

2. Inspect the ATM for any signs of tampering before inserting your card. Look for any loose or mismatched parts, unusual devices attached to the card slot or keypad, and hidden cameras.

3. Cover the keypad with your hand while entering your PIN to prevent anyone from seeing it.

4. Be aware of your surroundings and do not let anyone distract you while using the ATM.

5. If possible, use an EMV chip-enabled card instead of a magnetic stripe card as they are more secure.

6. Always make sure you receive your card and transaction receipt before leaving the ATM.

7. Check your bank statements regularly for any suspicious transactions and report them immediately to your bank.

8. Consider using mobile banking apps as an alternative method for withdrawing cash instead of relying solely on ATMs.

By following these tips, you can minimize the risk of falling victim to skimming devices at ATMs in Austria.

5. What precautions should solo female travelers take to stay safe from danger and scams in Austria?

1. Research the destination: Before travelling, make sure to research the destination thoroughly. Read up on safety tips, common scams and areas to avoid. This will help you stay informed and make smart decisions while travelling.

2. Dress conservatively: Austria is a relatively conservative country, and women are expected to dress modestly in public. Avoid wearing revealing or flashy clothing that may draw unwanted attention.

3. Stay in safe areas: As with any country, there are certain areas of Austria that may be more dangerous than others. Stick to well-lit and busy areas, especially at night.

4. Be aware of your surroundings: Always be attentive and aware of your surroundings when travelling alone, especially in crowded tourist areas where pickpockets may be present.

5. Keep important documents safe: Make copies of important documents such as your passport and keep them separate from the originals while travelling. Leave copies with someone back home as well.

6. Use reputable transportation: If taking public transportation, use licensed taxis or ride-sharing services rather than hailing a cab off the street.

7. Avoid sharing personal information: Be cautious when sharing personal information with strangers, especially if they seem overly friendly or persistent.

8. Don’t accept drinks from strangers: To avoid becoming a victim of drugging scams, always watch your drinks closely and don’t accept drinks from strangers.

9. Trust your instincts: If you feel uncomfortable or unsafe in a situation, trust your instincts and remove yourself from it immediately.

10. Learn some key phrases in German: Knowing some basic phrases in German can help you navigate through conversations and situations more confidently and potentially protect against scams targeting non-German speakers.

6. Are there any known fraudulent tour companies operating in Austria that tourists should be wary of?

There are no specific fraudulent tour companies known to operate in Austria. However, it is always recommended to do proper research and read reviews before booking any tours or activities with a company. It is also advisable to book through reputable and licensed companies for added security and peace of mind. Tourists should be cautious of any offers that seem too good to be true, and be wary of individuals or non-licensed operators offering tours on the street.

7. Can you provide some examples of common street hustles and scams encountered by visitors to Austria?

1. Fake tickets to popular tourist attractions: Scammers in touristy areas may approach visitors and offer them discounted or “secret” tickets to popular attractions such as the Schönbrunn Palace or the Vienna State Opera. These tickets are usually either fake or stolen and purchasing them can result in wasting time and money.

2. Distraction theft: This involves a group of people distracting a tourist while one person pickpockets them. This can happen on the street, in crowded areas, or even on public transportation.

3. “Friendship” bracelets: In touristy areas, scammers may approach visitors and offer to make them a friendship bracelet for free. However, once the bracelet is made, they will demand payment for it and may use aggressive tactics if you refuse.

4. Overcharging at restaurants: Some restaurants near major tourist attractions may try to overcharge tourists by inflating prices or adding extra items to their bill without their knowledge.

5. Taxi scams: Tourists may encounter taxi drivers who take longer routes or charge higher fares than usual, especially when traveling from the airport to their accommodation.

6. Fake petitions/signatures: Scammers may ask tourists to sign a petition or donate money for a fake charity organization as a way of getting personal information or money from them.

7. The “gold ring” scam: A scammer may drop a fake gold ring on the ground near a tourist and claim that they just found it before offering it to the visitor for a low price. In reality, the ring is either fake or worthless.

8. Counterfeit currency: Visitors should be wary of receiving counterfeit currency when making purchases with cash, especially with large bills.

9. Street performers asking for money: It is common for street performers to ask for tips after their performance, but some may become aggressive if you don’t give enough money or refuse altogether.

10.Auction/Beggar scam: Scammers may approach tourists with a fake sob story and try to sell them cheap items or ask for money. They can be very persistent, and it’s best to ignore them and walk away.

8. How is identity theft and credit card fraud typically carried out in Austria, and how can travelers protect themselves?

Identity theft and credit card fraud are typically carried out in Austria through various methods, including:

1. Skimming: This involves the use of a device attached to an ATM or payment terminal that can steal credit card information when the card is swiped.

2. Phishing: Criminals may try to obtain personal information, such as credit card numbers and login credentials, by sending fraudulent emails posing as legitimate businesses or organizations.

3. Data breaches: Hackers may target online databases of companies or organizations to steal personal information of their customers and use it for identity theft and credit card fraud.

To protect themselves from these risks, travelers can take the following precautions:

1. Use ATMs at banks and highly secured locations rather than standalone machines on the street.

2. Be cautious of suspicious-looking devices attached to ATMs or payment terminals, and report them to the authorities immediately.

3. Only provide personal and financial information on websites that are secure (look for “https” in the URL) and trustworthy.

4. Do not click on links or open attachments in emails from unknown sources.

5. Monitor bank statements regularly for any unauthorized charges and report them to the bank immediately.

6. Use a credit card with built-in security features such as chip technology, which makes it harder for criminals to clone the card.

7. Keep important documents like passports, ID cards, and credit cards in a safe place while traveling and do not carry them all at once unless necessary.

8. Avoid using public Wi-Fi networks for financial transactions as they may not be secure enough to protect sensitive data.

9. Is it necessary to be cautious of counterfeit goods and knockoff products while shopping in Austria, or are they easily distinguishable from genuine items?

As with any country, there is always a risk of encountering counterfeit goods and knockoff products in Austria. However, Austrian authorities have strict regulations on the sale of fake or illegal goods, making it less common compared to other countries. In major cities like Vienna and Salzburg, popular tourist areas and reputable stores are less likely to sell counterfeit products.

It may be more common to encounter knockoff items in street markets or from street vendors. It is important to use caution when purchasing items from these sources and to carefully inspect the quality and authenticity of the products before buying.

In general, genuine products in Austria will have proper labeling and packaging, clear branding, and a trusted retailer or distributor. It is always advisable to research the brand and product before making a purchase and to buy from reputable retailers or official brand stores whenever possible. If you have any doubts about the authenticity of a product, it is best to avoid making the purchase.

10. What measures can parents take to ensure their children’s safety from danger and scams while on holiday in Austria?

1. Educate your children about common scams and dangers: Before your trip, have a conversation with your children about potential scams and dangers they may encounter while on holiday in Austria. Make sure they are aware of the importance of staying alert and being cautious in unfamiliar surroundings.

2. Set rules and boundaries: Establish clear rules and boundaries for your children while on holiday in Austria. Make sure they know what is and isn’t allowed, such as talking to strangers or leaving the hotel without permission.

3. Keep an eye on their online activities: Social media and internet usage can put children at risk of online scams and dangers. Monitor their online activities and make sure they understand not to share personal information with strangers or meet anyone from the internet without adult supervision.

4. Avoid crowded areas: Pickpocketing and other petty crimes are more common in crowded areas, so it’s best to avoid them with your children. If you do find yourself in a crowded area, remind them to keep their belongings close to them at all times.

5. Keep important documents safe: Make copies of important documents like passports, travel insurance, and emergency contact numbers. Keep the originals in a safe place at your accommodation and give each child a copy to carry with them when exploring.

6. Use trusted transportation services: Only use reputable transportation services such as taxis or ride-sharing apps like Uber when traveling around Austria with your children.

7. Teach them how to ask for help: In case of an emergency or if they feel unsafe, teach your children how to seek help from authorities or approach trustworthy adults for assistance.

8. Know emergency numbers: Make sure your children know how to call for help in case of an emergency in Austria. The local emergency number is 112.

9. Research the local customs and culture: Familiarize yourself and your children with local customs and culture before traveling to Austria. This will prevent accidental disrespect that could lead to confrontations.

10. Stay alert and trust your instincts: The most important step in keeping your children safe is to stay alert and trust your instincts. If something doesn’t feel right, it’s always better to err on the side of caution and remove yourselves from the situation.

11. Are there any popular tourist attractions or activities where visitors are at a higher risk of encountering dangers or falling for scams in Austria?

Some potential places or activities where visitors may be at a higher risk of encountering dangers or falling for scams in Austria include:

1. Tourist-heavy areas: Popular tourist destinations such as Vienna, Salzburg, and Innsbruck can attract pickpockets and scammers looking to take advantage of unsuspecting visitors.

2. Street performers and beggars: In crowded areas like city squares and popular attractions, there may be street performers who will try to coerce tourists into giving them money or engaging in scams. Similarly, beggars may approach visitors for money or use distraction techniques to steal valuables.

3. Public transportation: While generally safe, public transportation in Austria can attract pickpockets and scammers. Be wary of individuals who may try to distract you while their accomplice steals your belongings.

4. Hiking trails: Some hiking trails in the Austrian Alps can present dangers for inexperienced hikers, especially if they attempt difficult routes without proper equipment or guides. Be cautious and prepared when embarking on a hike.

5. Unofficial tour guides: Unlicensed or unofficial tour guides may approach tourists at popular attractions and offer guided tours at discounted prices. These offers could be scams and may result in a subpar experience or even loss of valuables.

6. Street food vendors: While most street food vendors are legitimate businesses, some may overcharge tourists for low-quality food or use questionable hygiene practices.

7. ATMs: Skimming devices are a common tactic used by scammers to steal credit card information from unsuspecting users at ATMs. It is best to only use ATMs located inside banks or secure locations.

8. Fake goods: When shopping for souvenirs, be aware that some vendors may sell fake goods that appear to be high-end products at discounted prices. It is illegal to purchase counterfeit items, so it is best to avoid these types of transactions altogether.

9. Phony accommodation bookings: Some scammers may create fake listings for accommodations on popular booking websites, only to take payment and disappear with the money. Always research the legitimacy of a listing before making a reservation.

10. Rental car scams: In popular tourist areas, there may be rental car companies that engage in scams such as charging extra fees or falsely claiming damage to the vehicle. Always thoroughly read rental agreements and research the company before renting a car.

11. Unmarked taxis: Unmarked or unlicensed taxis may overcharge tourists or take longer routes to drive up the fare. It is best to use official taxi stands or ride-hailing services rather than hailing a taxi off the street.

12. Should I be concerned about fake police officers or other officials trying to extort money from tourists in Austria?

Overall, Austria is a safe and well-regulated country, so incidents of fake police officers or officials trying to extort money from tourists are rare. However, it is always wise to be cautious and follow some basic safety precautions.

1. Keep your documentation secure: Carry your passport, ID and any other important documents with you at all times. Keep them in a secure place, like a hotel safe or a hidden pocket on your clothing.

2. Stay in well-known tourist areas: Stick to popular destinations and avoid isolated areas or alleyways that may be less secure.

3. Beware of unsolicited offers for help: Be wary of strangers offering to help or guide you, especially if they are not wearing an official uniform or badge. It’s best to seek assistance from a legitimate authority or ask for recommendations from your hotel.

4. Know the numbers: Make sure you have the emergency contacts for local police (133) and ambulance services (144) saved on your phone.

5. Don’t hand over money or valuables: Genuine officials will not ask for money or take your valuables as part of their duties.

6. Ask for identification: If approached by someone claiming to be a police officer or official, ask to see their identification before complying with their requests.

7.Practice common sense: Use common sense when encountering any suspicious situation and trust your instincts – if something feels off, it probably is.

8.Be aware of common scams: Inform yourself about common scams targeting tourists in Austria such as fake parking tickets or overcharging at restaurants.

If you do encounter a situation where you believe someone may be pretending to be an official in order to scam you, remain calm and try to get a good description of the person and their vehicle before contacting the authorities for assistance. By following these precautions and staying vigilant, you can reduce the risk of falling victim to fraud while visiting Austria.

13. Are there any particular areas or neighborhoods in Austria that have a reputation for being more dangerous for visitors, and if so, which ones should be avoided?

Generally speaking, Austria is a safe country for tourists, and there are no specific areas or neighborhoods that should be avoided. However, as with any destination, it’s always a good idea to exercise caution and be aware of your surroundings at all times. Common sense safety measures such as avoiding walking alone at night in poorly lit areas or crowded places can help prevent potential risks.

14. How prevalent is credit card skimming at hotels, restaurants, and other establishments frequented by tourists in Austria?

There is no specific data on the prevalence of credit card skimming at hotels, restaurants, and other establishments frequented by tourists in Austria. However, credit card skimming is a global problem and can occur in any country. The best way to protect yourself from credit card skimming is to be vigilant with your credit card usage, regularly check your statements for any unauthorized charges, and report any suspicious activities immediately. It is also advisable to use cash or trusted payment methods when traveling abroad.

15. Are online rental property listings trustworthy, or do they pose a risk for vacation rental scams in Austria?

It is important to be cautious when using online rental property listings for vacation rentals in Austria. While many listings may be legitimate, there is always a risk of scams. Some ways to protect yourself include:

1. Research the listing company or individual: Before booking a vacation rental, do some research on the company or individual listed as the contact. Look for reviews, customer testimonials, and their website to ensure they are a reputable source.

2. Beware of too good to be true deals: If a rental seems significantly cheaper than others in the same area, it may be a red flag for a scam.

3. Use secure payment methods: Avoid wiring money or sending cash as these are not safe methods of payment. Instead, use credit cards or PayPal which offer more protection and can dispute fraudulent charges.

4. Ask questions and get documentation: Before booking, ask the owner or management company for details about the property, such as photos and specific amenities. Also ask for a signed rental agreement or contract to outline all terms and conditions.

5. Consider using trusted websites: Using reputable vacation rental websites such as Airbnb or HomeAway can provide an added layer of security as they often have policies in place to protect against scams.

Overall, while online rental property listings can be trustworthy sources for vacation rentals in Austria, it is important to remain vigilant and do thorough research before making any bookings to avoid falling victim to scams.

16. Can you provide some tips for avoiding taxi-related scams such as overcharging, taking longer routes, etc., while traveling in Austria?

Here are some tips for avoiding taxi-related scams while traveling in Austria:

1. Always use licensed taxis: Make sure to only use taxis that are officially licensed and have a company logo on the car.

2. Research the average price: Before taking a taxi, research the average price for your intended route. This will give you an idea of how much you should expect to pay and help you identify if you are being overcharged.

3. Negotiate the fare before getting in: When taking a taxi, be sure to negotiate the fare with the driver before getting in. This will prevent any surprise charges at the end of your ride.

4. Ask for a metered fare: If possible, request that the driver uses the meter instead of negotiating a flat rate. This will ensure that you pay for the exact distance traveled.

5. Keep small bills on hand: It is always best to have smaller bills on hand when paying for a taxi in Austria. Some drivers may claim to not have change for larger bills as a way to overcharge you.

6. Be aware of longer routes: If you are familiar with the route to your destination, be mindful if the driver takes a longer or unnecessary route. Politely ask them why they are taking that particular route or suggest an alternative one.

7. Use ridesharing apps: Consider using ridesharing apps like Uber or Lyft instead of traditional taxis. These apps offer upfront pricing and can often be more cost-effective and reliable than regular taxis.

8. Check reviews and ratings: Before getting into any taxi, check online reviews and ratings of the company or individual driver first. This can give you an idea of their reputation and whether they have had any issues with overcharging customers.

9.Insist on a receipt: Always ask for a receipt at the end of your ride, as this can serve as proof if there are any discrepancies or issues with your payment.

10. Trust your instincts: If something doesn’t feel right or you feel like you are being scammed, trust your instincts and get out of the car. You can always find a different taxi or use an alternative mode of transportation.

Overall, it is important to be alert and cautious when taking taxis in Austria. By following these tips and using common sense, you can avoid falling victim to taxi scams while traveling in the country.

17. What should travelers do if they fall victim to a scam or are in danger while visiting Austria?

If travelers fall victim to a scam or find themselves in danger while visiting Austria, they should immediately contact the local police (Polizei) by dialing 112. They should also inform their embassy or consulate for further assistance. It is also important to document any incidents and keep records of any financial transactions involved in the scam for potential legal action. Additionally, travelers should exercise caution and be aware of their surroundings to avoid becoming a victim in the first place.

18. Are there any cultural norms or customs that visitors should be aware of to avoid falling for scams or putting themselves in danger in Austria?

Generally, Austria is a safe and welcoming country with few known scams or dangers. However, as with any travel destination, it is important to exercise caution and awareness while visiting.

Some potential issues to be aware of include:

1. Pickpocketing: As in many European countries, pickpocketing can occur in busy tourist areas and on public transportation. Keep an eye on your belongings and avoid carrying large amounts of cash or valuables.

2. Street scams: Be cautious of strangers offering unsolicited help or trying to sell you items on the street. These are often attempts to distract or deceive tourists into giving them money.

3. Price gouging: In some tourist areas, prices may be higher for visitors compared to locals. Be sure to check prices before purchasing goods or services.

4. Unlicensed taxis: To ensure your safety and avoid overcharging, it is best to use licensed taxis in Austria. You can easily identify these by their official taxi signs and yellow license plates.

5. Smoking laws: In Austria, smoking is not allowed in most public places, including bars, restaurants, and public transportation.

6. Dress code: While there is no strict dress code in Austria, it is generally considered polite to dress modestly when visiting churches or religious sites.

7. Politeness in public spaces: Austrians value personal space and privacy, so it is important to respect this by avoiding loud conversations or intrusive behavior in public spaces.

Additionally, always be aware of your surroundings and trust your instincts if something seems off or uncomfortable. If you have any concerns while traveling in Austria, do not hesitate to seek help from local authorities or officials.

19. How can tourists avoid being targeted by fake tour guides offering unreliable services and potentially exploiting them for money in Austria?

1. Research and book through reputable tour agencies: Look for well-established and licensed tour agencies when booking tours in Austria. Check their reviews and ratings to ensure they are trustworthy.

2. Use official tourist information centers: Look for official tourist information centers or offices in the city you are visiting. They offer reliable information about local tours and activities.

3. Ask for recommendations: Ask for recommendations from friends, family, or hotel staff before booking any tour. They may have had personal experiences with reliable tour guides.

4. Verify the guide’s credentials: Before hiring a tour guide, ask for their credentials such as licenses, certifications, and training. This will help ensure they are legitimate and knowledgeable about the destination.

5. Avoid street vendors offering tours: Be cautious of street vendors who approach tourists and offer cheap tours on the spot. They may not be authorized to conduct tours and could be targeting tourists for scams.

6. Settle the cost upfront: Discuss the total cost of the tour before it starts and make sure everything is included (transportation, entrance fees, etc.). This will prevent any surprises or hidden costs later on.

7. Do some research beforehand: Familiarize yourself with popular attractions and their prices before arriving in Austria. This will help you identify any overpriced tours offered by fake guides.

8. Trust your instincts: If something feels wrong or suspicious during a tour, trust your instincts and leave if needed. If a guide seems unprofessional or unreliable, it’s better to find another one rather than risking your safety or being exploited for money.

9. Don’t be afraid to negotiate: If you feel that a tour guide is charging too much for their services, don’t be afraid to negotiate or ask for a discount. Be assertive and polite while doing so.

10) Ask questions during the tour: A reputable guide should be able to answer all your questions about the destination and provide accurate information. If they can’t, it’s a sign that they may not be qualified or knowledgeable enough.

20. Are there any safety precautions that should be taken when using public Wi-Fi networks in Austria, such as avoiding personal banking/financial transactions or accessing sensitive information?

Yes, there are several safety precautions that should be taken when using public Wi-Fi networks in Austria:

1. Avoid accessing sensitive information: It is recommended to avoid accessing sensitive information such as personal banking or financial transactions while connected to a public Wi-Fi network. These networks are often unsecure and can leave your personal information vulnerable to hackers.

2. Use a virtual private network (VPN): Using a VPN can add an extra layer of security to your online activities by encrypting your data and routing it through a secure server. This can help protect your information from being intercepted by hackers on the same network.

3. Choose secure websites: When accessing websites, look for the “https” in the URL, which indicates that the website has an added layer of security.

4. Enable two-factor authentication: Many websites and services offer two-factor authentication, which requires users to enter a code sent to their phone or email in addition to their password for added security.

5. Turn off automatic Wi-Fi connection: It is recommended to turn off automatic Wi-Fi connection on your device so that it doesn’t connect to any unknown or unsecured networks without your knowledge.

6. Keep your device’s software up-to-date: Make sure your device’s operating system and apps are up-to-date with the latest security patches and updates.

7. Be cautious when using public computers: If you need to use a public computer, avoid logging into any personal accounts or entering sensitive information.

8. Use a firewall: Make sure your device’s firewall is turned on for added protection against cyber threats.

9. Log out of accounts when finished: Always remember to log out of any accounts you may have accessed while using a public Wi-Fi network.

10. Be aware of your surroundings and suspicious activity: Be mindful of anyone nearby who may be trying to see what you’re doing on your device and report any suspicious activity immediately.