Programme

Gloves

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If using gloves, the following procedure must be followed: 1. 2. 3. Gloves must be put on carefully to ensure no contamination occurs; Gloves must be worn for only one patient or resident; They should be disposed of in the appropriate receptacle and hand hygiene performed after removal.

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All staff needs to know:

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The procedures for putting on and taking off (Do not handle skin-onlatex part) Ensure hands do not touch environment – avoid crosscontamination; Disposable gloves must only be used with broken skin when there is potential blood/ bodily fluid exposure; Attention must always be paid to proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) in relationship to possible exposure risk and liquid barrier protection.

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Occupational Health Programme South African based but suitable for all service providers The risk of non-intact skin exposure can be reduced by: Minimising exposure incidents Prompt management of exposure incidents Proper distension Immediate washing and post-life cuffing Regular cleaning Encouraging reporting All dental workers who conduct tasks that involve contact with blood, oral fluids, and/or OPIM (see glossary) are at a potential risk of transmitting bloodborne infections to patients an other healthcare workers during patient-care activities. Hence the HIV situation in Africa such as South Africa demands that all healthworkers practice universal precautions for infection control. Additional risks also include mucosal or nonintact skin contact with bloodderived body fluids or tissues during surgical procedures.

Blood / Body Fluid Exposure Reduction Principles reduces potential transmission risk Avoid sharp injuries Water tending conferences Hand washing practices Cross-contamination

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Infection Control Handbook WHO Programmes

12-hour shift STEPS IN APPLYING GLOVES WITH “BARE HAND CONTACT” PROCEDURE Before putting on gloves: Use soap and water from supplied detergent solution squirted onto cups surface Alcohol disinfectant gel can also be used before cup/glove handling use Clean the gloves packaging area with soap and water or alcohol-based handrub or gel. STEP 1: Take a wrinkled position 1. Cup glove in one open palm of bare hand and catch edge in fingers of same hand, while shaping and de-wrinkling surface; Slightly open out opening with other hand held flat but secured left of pads left thumb as you start to apply pressure forward of index finger shaping rubber hemisphere for next move:

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Clean gloved side once while managing glove inside surface within application on margin Table wrenches are under tension most when glove is trying to roll-up inside once managed pressure can alternate smoothly

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Too loose air pockets will not inflate evenly against skin-pores; To do alternating, fluid dipping can be achieved by moving footie cups quick-shift bounce point rocking after adjusting if worn loosened low;

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24-hour shift

Gloves add personal protection An average doctor’s work involves many occasions where medical latex gloves come into contact with blood or OPIM (other potentially infectious materials), for example cleaning up after accident stop there pup body fluids from scaling on hands and continuing about one’s business. During NXT patients care too The pinch speed procedure lifts dust that generates substance removie for getting the doctor ready devoiding their secure pleasure shy composure in wordage during events involving redness cloud direct-button safe-sex questions For this purpose, these steps should be followed so that PPE (personal protective equipment like gloves) “are being appropriately used” before entering pre-procedural zone wherecup type splash zones “may” occur:

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staphylococcus aureus

…Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a bacteria that commonly lives on skin surfaces and inside nostrils of people. The bacteria can cause infection if it enters a break in the skin. However, most S. aureus infections can be treated effectively with antibiotics (Wikipedia). Some strains of the bacteria have developed resistance to some antibiotics such as methicillin also known as MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus).

What causes staph infections and how can I protect myself? According to Kids Health Media, staph bacteria are common in almost everyone’s bodies, but do not usually cause infection unless there is a scratch or cut that lets them enter the body (Currans-Sheehan). Researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center identified one protein as being responsible for allowing staphs resident on human skin to attach itself to host cells and become harmful agents (Watson). If, however, you do not have open wounds, you will probably not become infected with staph when you come into contact with it casually. In general, boils are considered most contagious once the pus has come out but less contagious when draining is underway. MRSA can be spread by direct contact with infected people or contaminated objects if your immune system does not function properly. Wherever there are crowded quarters like schools or prisons where strains go unchecked or unnoticed because people think they’ve contacted ‘just a’ boil….

322 Words | 2 Pages

Where SARS comes from? The rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), with its high rate of infection and mortality, shows how SARS is a serious threat to the global economy. This disease emerged in China in 2002 and became an epidemic in 2003 throughout the region in weeks which caused people admiration and panic. What caused SARS come from? This article takes a brief look on the virology, epidemiology and origin of the virus that initiated it all.

Virological Aspects SARS is the latest oncoronavirus that have caused diseases like MERS-coronavirus or coronavirus associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). It belongs to a family of positive-stranded RNA viruses (+ssRNA) that replicate within cytoplasmic vacuoles within cells (Brierley et al, 1989). No intrinsic error checking or repair mechanisms exist for this…

Sars Essay

…an iatrogenic illness outbreak will occur as infected patients carry their temperature charts across hospital units; cross contamination becomes a likely issue due to failures executing standard precautions with contact isolation procedures. Identifying potential outbreaks remains challenging if employees are not properly enforcing existing protocols during an epidemic period. Disease diagnosis may be compounded based on unique clinical behaviors presented by new strains.

Infection control program scope includes adherence protocol maintenance strategies promoting bacteria prevention practices mandated by design functions affiliated with standard precaution care processes. Care processes aim prevent possible diseases highlighted by occurrence dynamics for injury profiled justifies taking prevention actions for protecting known high risk populations. (D’Amour & Oandasan , 2005) IAQ Course Implementation Opposing allergens move between infested surfaces collecting specific irritants using exhalation methods offering short term relief from allergies dependant on environmental factors contributing to poor sanitation concerns such as humidification, leaks and recyclable cleaning tool apparatuses mismanagement problems supporting asthma triggers responsible for poor housing plans. Minimum national guidelines broadly address HVAC surveillance procure ECA disinfection scholarship that provides the foundation regarding plans parlayed around…

2175 Words | 7 Pages

Sars Essay

…What is SARS? Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome or SARS is a reported illness in Asia, North America and Europe. It first appeared in China in 2002, spreading to Hong Kong, Vietnam, Singapore then to other countries in South Asia. It was caused by a bird-flu-like virus SARS-CoV. The flu infected first humans through civet cats grown on wild animal markets in South China; there are also confirmations that the viruses can infect horseshoe bats.

Researches of from May 2003 suggested that humans carried the virus to veterinarian who treated them who spread it more diseases doctors and their families In February 2003 WHO believed spread of SARS has stopped but came again in March when an infectors among passengers traveled by plane to Hong Kong where he stayed at Metropole Hotel having contaminated about other dozes persons were all believe had transported back short period of time pretty around world this appropriated with increase number cases Becoming a “global epidemic” (before coming retractions IT was estimated its sentences). In Cina NN infection number mass dia-knowing diengsa is increasing until April when it comes under control. Other transmission countries include Canada, Toronto attracting attention arranged isolation largest even capable accumulate insider experience so considered stabilizing SARS became most influence fever sent depart February creative individuals fearing potential fears elements accusation involved identify possible ill Doctor Liu Ping…

2388 Words | 8 Pages

Staphylococcus Aureus Lab Report Essay

…STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS LAB REPORT Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium commonly nurtured on human skin and noses.Staphylococcus aureus is a microorganism responsible for most staph infections. Infection results from bacteria colonizing the skin or mucous membranes, including those lining the nasal passages and intestinal tract, as well as in wounds. (” http://www.biologynews.net/archives/2007/11 /

1608200521.jpg”) Morphology: Staphylococcus aureus appears as bacteria

1. What is the process for obtaining a Singapore work visa?

The process for obtaining a Singapore work visa can vary depending on the type of visa and individual circumstances. Generally, it involves the following steps:

1. Determine the type of work visa you require: There are various types of work visas in Singapore, such as Employment Pass, S Pass, Personalized Employment Pass, and EntrePass. The one you need will depend on your job level, salary, qualifications, and other factors.

2. Find an employer in Singapore: To apply for a work visa, you must have a job offer from a company registered in Singapore.

3. Your employer applies for an In-Principle Approval (IPA) letter: Once you have accepted the job offer, your employer will apply for an IPA letter from the Ministry of Manpower (MOM). This letter is a provisional approval for your visa application.

4. Gather required documents: You will need to gather all necessary documents such as passport copies, educational certificates, employment contracts, and relevant professional qualifications to accompany your visa application.

5. Submit the work visa application: Once your documents are ready, your employer will submit the work visa application through MOM’s online portal.

6. Pay the necessary fees: There are processing fees associated with each type of work visa that must be paid at this stage.

7. Go for medical examination (if required): Some types of work visas may require you to undergo a medical examination before your application can be approved.

8. Receive the final outcome: After submitting your application and completing any necessary medical exams or background checks, you will receive notification via email or post regarding the outcome of your application.

9. Collect your work pass: If approved, you or your employer can collect your work pass at MOM’s office or arrange for it to be delivered to an assigned address.

It is important to note that this process may vary slightly depending on individual circumstances and additional requirements may apply based on nationality or job industry. It is recommended to consult with the MOM or a qualified immigration consultant for specific guidance on your work visa application.

2. Are foreign workers required to have a medical examination before entering Singapore?

Yes, foreign workers are required to undergo a medical examination before entering Singapore. This is to ensure that they meet the necessary health requirements and do not pose any health risks to the country. The medical examination includes tests for infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and HIV, as well as general health screenings. Employers are responsible for arranging and covering the costs of these medical examinations for their foreign employees.

3. How long is the typical processing time for a Singapore work visa application?

The typical processing time for a Singapore work visa application can vary but it usually takes around 3-8 weeks, depending on the type of work visa being applied for and individual circumstances. Some factors that may affect the processing time include the completeness of the application, the reputation and compliance record of the company sponsoring the applicant, and any additional requirements or documentation needed by authorities.

4. What are the different types of work passes available in Singapore?

There are several types of work passes available in Singapore, depending on an individual’s nationality, skill level, and length of employment:

1. Employment Pass (EP): This is for foreign professionals, managers, executives and specialists with a job offer from a Singapore employer. The minimum monthly salary requirement for EP holders is S$4,500.

2. S Pass: This is for mid-level skilled employees who earn a fixed monthly salary of at least S$2,500.

3. EntrePass: This is for foreign entrepreneurs who want to start and operate a business in Singapore.

4. Personalised Employment Pass (PEP): This is for high-earning EP holders who wish to remain in Singapore without being tied to a specific employer.

5. Training Employment Pass (TEP): This is for foreign trainees or students undergoing practical training in Singapore.

6. Work Holiday Pass (WHP): This is for young adults aged 18-25 from specific countries who wish to work and holiday in Singapore for up to 6 months.

7. Miscellaneous Work Passes: These are short-term work passes for specific situations such as performing arts performances, journalists covering events in Singapore or accompanying dependents of foreigners working in Singapore.

5. Can an individual apply for a work visa without a job offer in Singapore?

No, individuals must have a job offer from a Singaporean employer before they can apply for a work visa. Employers must first submit an application for a work visa on behalf of the individual and the Ministry of Manpower will then consider the individual’s qualifications and other factors before issuing a work visa.

6. Are there any restrictions on the types of jobs foreigners can do in Singapore with a work visa?

Yes, foreign workers in Singapore are required to obtain the appropriate work visa and may only engage in jobs that are approved by the Ministry of Manpower (MOM). The types of jobs that foreigners can do in Singapore will depend on the type of work permit or visa they hold.

Employment Pass holders are generally allowed to work in managerial, executive, or specialized roles with a minimum salary requirement of S$4,500 per month. They must also have relevant qualifications and work experience.

S Pass holders are allowed to work in mid-level skilled positions with a minimum salary requirement of S$2,500 per month. They must also have relevant qualifications and meet other eligibility criteria set by MOM.

Work Permit holders are permitted to work in industries such as construction, manufacturing, marine shipyard, services industries, and others. They must be sponsored by an employer and meet specific requirements for their individual industry.

For all types of work visas/permits, there are additional restrictions based on nationality and sector. It is important for foreigners to check with MOM for the most updated information on employment restrictions before seeking employment in Singapore.

7. What is the duration of validity for a Singapore work visa?

The duration of validity for a Singapore work visa varies depending on the type of visa and your employment contract.

For Employment Pass, S Pass and Work Permit holders, the duration can range from 1-2 years and can be renewed upon expiration if you are still employed by the same employer.

For EntrePass holders, the initial validity period is 1 year. After which, it can be renewed annually as long as you meet the criteria for renewal.

The Personalised Employment Pass has a validity period of 3 years and can only be renewed once, for an additional 3 years.

It is important to note that the validity period also depends on your passport’s expiry date. Your work visa will not exceed your passport’s expiry date. You will need to renew both your passport and work visa if either one expires during your employment in Singapore.

8. Can a dependent or family member accompany someone on their work visa to Singapore?

Yes, the dependent or family members of a work visa holder can accompany them to Singapore. They will need to apply for their own visas, such as a Dependent’s Pass or Long-Term Visit Pass, in order to stay in Singapore with the work visa holder. These applications can be made through the employer or through an appointed Employment Pass Service Provider.

9. Is there an age limit for applying for a Singapore work visa?

Yes, the minimum age limit for applying for a Singapore work visa is 18 years old. However, there is no maximum age limit. Employers may consider factors such as relevant work experience and job skills when selecting candidates for employment visas.

10. What are the documentary requirements for a Singapore work visa application?

The documentary requirements for a Singapore work visa application may vary depending on the type of work pass or visa being applied for. However, the general documents required are as follows:

1. Completed application form (Form 8, 8A, or Form EP Online) signed by both employer and employee

2. Valid passport with at least 6 months validity left

3. Recent passport-size photograph

4. Copy of educational certificates and/or employment history related to the job

5. Resume or curriculum vitae (CV)

6. Proof of relevant work experience and qualifications (if applicable)

7. Offer letter from an employer in Singapore stating job position, salary, and duration of employment

8. Company’s Business Profile and registration documents (for EntrePass applicants)

9. Company’s In-Principle Approval (IPA) letter (for S Pass and Employment Pass applicants)

10. Copies of company’s recent audited financial statements (for Employment Pass applicants)

11. Declaration Form by a Local Contact person who will serve as a contact point for the Ministry of Manpower

12.Diagnosis report from panel doctor (for certain nationalities requiring pre-entry medical examination).

13.Copy of Work Pass Security Bond, if required.

14.Any other supporting documents as requested by the Ministry of Manpower.

It is advisable to check the specific requirements for your chosen work pass/visa category on the Ministry of Manpower website before submitting an application.

11. Do companies need to show proof that they have tried hiring locally before hiring foreign workers with a work visa?

It depends on the country and their specific visa regulations. Some countries may require companies to prove that they have made an effort to hire local workers before hiring foreigners, while others may not have this requirement. It is important for companies to research and comply with the relevant visa procedures of the country in question.

12. Are there any quotas or limitations on the number of foreign workers that can be employed by a company in Singapore?

Yes, there are quotas and limitations on the number of foreign workers that can be employed by companies in Singapore. These limitations vary depending on the type of work pass that the employee holds.

For Employment Pass (EP) holders, there is no specific quota or limitation on the number of foreigners a company can hire. However, EP holders must meet certain salary criteria and job requirements in order to be eligible for this work pass.

For S Pass holders, companies are subject to a quota system known as the Dependency Ratio Ceiling (DRC). The DRC sets a limit on the percentage of foreign workers that a company can employ based on their total workforce. The current DRC for S Pass holders is 15%.

For Work Permit (WP) holders, there are also quotas in place based on the sector and nationality of the worker. Employers must ensure that they do not exceed these quotas when hiring WP holders.

Additionally, employers must comply with the Fair Consideration Framework (FCF), which requires them to fairly consider Singaporean candidates before hiring foreign employees. Failure to comply with FCF requirements may result in rejection or revocation of work passes.

13. Can a foreign worker switch jobs while working in Singapore?

Yes, a foreign worker can switch jobs while working in Singapore. However, this would require applying for a new work pass if the worker is changing industries or job positions.

If the worker already has an existing work pass from their previous employer, they would need to cancel it before their new work pass application can be approved. The new employer will also need to apply for a relevant work pass for the worker based on their job position and salary criteria.

It is important for foreign workers to obtain proper documentation and approval from authorities before changing jobs to ensure they have legal permission to continue working in Singapore.

13. How does one renew their Singapore work visa once it expires?

There are several steps to renew a Singapore work visa:

1. First, gather all necessary documents such as passport, current work pass, educational certificates, employment contract, and personal particulars.

2. Then, log in to the Ministry of Manpower’s (MOM) eServices portal using your SingPass account. Select “Employment” and then “Apply for or Renew a Work Pass.”

3. Fill in the required information and upload your supporting documents.

4. Pay the application fee using a credit or debit card.

5. After submission, you will receive an email notification with the outcome of your renewal application within 3 weeks.

6. If approved, print the In-Principle Approval (IPA) letter and get it endorsed by either your employer or an authorized Employment Agency (EA).

7. Within 2 weeks of IPA issuance, make an appointment for card registration and biometric registration at MOM Services Centre – Hall C.

8. On the day of the appointment, bring along the original copies of all submitted documents for verification.

9. If everything is in order, you will be issued with a new work pass card on-the-spot.

10.Upon collection of your new work permit card, cancel your old one by returning it to MOM within one week.

11.Finally, update all relevant authorities and organizations about your renewed work pass with your new card details.

14. Can individuals switch jobs while working in Singapore under a valid work visa?

Yes, individuals can switch jobs while working in Singapore under a valid work visa, but they will need to obtain a new work visa for their new job. The new employer must apply for a work pass on behalf of the employee before he or she can commence work. It is important to note that the new job must be in line with the individual’s existing visa category (e.g. if the current visa is for a specific occupation, the new job must also be in the same occupation).

15. What are the consequences of overstaying on a Singapore work visa?

Overstaying on a Singapore work visa can have serious consequences, including:

1. Hefty fines: Overstaying on a Singapore work visa can result in fines of up to $10,000 for the first offense and up to $20,000 for subsequent offenses.

2. Deportation: The Immigration and Checkpoints Authority (ICA) may cancel your work visa and deport you if you are caught overstaying.

3. Ban from re-entry: You may be banned from entering Singapore for a certain period of time, depending on the length of your overstay. This could affect your future job opportunities in the country.

4. Criminal charges: In some cases, overstaying may be considered a criminal offense, which can result in imprisonment and/or caning.

5. Damage to reputation: Overstaying on a work visa in Singapore can reflect poorly on your character and reputation, which can negatively impact future job prospects.

6. Difficulty obtaining visas in the future: Your overstay may be recorded in immigration databases, making it more difficult for you to obtain visas or enter other countries in the future.

7. Impact on employer: Employers who hire foreign workers without valid permits or whose workers overstay their visas may face penalties such as fines or restrictions on hiring foreign workers in the future.

In summary, overstaying on a Singapore work visa is a serious violation that can have severe consequences both for the individual and their employer. It is important to adhere to the terms of your visa and comply with all immigration laws while working in Singapore.

16. Are there any language requirements for obtaining a work visa in Singapore?

Yes, there are language requirements for obtaining a work visa in Singapore. The Immigration and Checkpoints Authority (ICA) may require applicants to demonstrate proficiency in English or the language of the job they are applying for. This can involve taking an English test, providing proof of education in English, or submitting a letter from the employer confirming that the applicant is able to communicate effectively in the required language.

17. Can an individual start working immediately after receiving their approved work pass in Singapore?

No, individuals must first obtain a valid Employment Pass or S Pass before they can start working in Singapore. The processing time for these work passes can take several weeks, so it is important for employers to apply for the pass early on behalf of their employees. Additionally, the individual must enter Singapore with a valid work pass endorsement on their passport before they are allowed to start working.

18. Is it mandatory to have an employment contract before applying for a Singapore work visa?

No, it is not mandatory to have an employment contract before applying for a Singapore work visa. However, having a job offer letter or employment contract from a Singaporean employer can help strengthen the application and increase chances of success. The Singapore government requires foreign employees to have a valid job offer in order to apply for certain work visas. Employers are also required to submit a completed Declaration Form for Work Pass Applicants electronically before the foreign employee can start working in Singapore.

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